Evidence
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause liver tumors in animals.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
high
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause birth weight effects in animals.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
high
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause reproductive and developmental toxicity in animals.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
high
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause thyroid effects in animals.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
high
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause hyperplasia in animals.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
moderate
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause lung cancer in animals.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
moderate
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause hemorrhagic effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
moderate
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance can cause allergies in people.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
A peer-reviewed study found this substance caused adverse developmental effects in rats.
some
C. V. Vorhees, R. E. Butcher, R. L. Brunner & T. J. Sobotka. 1981. Developmental neurobehavioural toxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene in rats. Food and cosmetics toxicology 19(2), 153-62.
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance is a tumor promoter.
some
Colin T. Shearn, Kristofer S. Fritz & John A. Thompson. 2011. Protein damage from electrophiles and oxidants in lungs of mice chronically exposed to the tumor promoter butylated hydroxytoluene. Chemico-biological interactions 192(3), 278-86.
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance is a tumor promoter.
some
Haris G. Vikis, Andrew E. Gelman, Andrew Franklin, Lauren Stein, Amy Rymaszewski, Jihong Zhu, Pengyuan Liu, Jay W. Tichelaar, Alexander S. Krupnick & Ming You. 2011. Neutrophils are required for 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated, butylated hydroxytoluene-promoted lung carcinogenesis. Molecular carcinogenesis.
upper respiratory tract irritation
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
NTP Toxcast scored 3.5-4.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Causes skin irritation
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
low
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
not classifiable as a human carcinogen
low
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
Only in: Household Cleaners
low
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA)
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
Only in: Household Cleaners
low
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA)
The European Food Safety Authority reports that this substance is not associated with stomach cancer in people.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
low
European Food Safety Authority. 2012. EFSA. 2012. Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (E 321) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 10(3), 2588.
