Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
EFSA notes there is equivocal evidence of genotoxiciy.
some
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 7(11), 1329.
EFSA concludes there is limited evidence that Yellow 10 in a mixture with other synthetic colours and sodium benzoate has a "small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children selected from the general population".
some
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 7(11), 1329.
EFSA finds that developmental effects have been observed in animal tests.
some
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 7(11), 1329.
A review article reports equivocal evidence of genotoxicity, including in human cell assays.
some
Peer Reviewed Literature: Amchova, P., H. Kotolova & J. Ruda-Kucerova. 2015. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 73(3), 914-22.
A review article reports equivocal evidence of genotoxicity, including in human cell assays.
some
Peer Reviewed Literature: Amchova, P., H. Kotolova & J. Ruda-Kucerova. 2015. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 73(3), 914-22.
A peer-reviewed study reports endocrine activity in cellular assays.
some
Patrick Tarnow, Catrin Zordick, Alex Bottke, Berit Fischer, Friederike Kühne, Tewes Tralau & Andreas Luch. 2020. Characterization of Quinoline Yellow Dyes As Transient Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists. Chemical research in toxicology 33(3), 742-750.
EFSA notes that Yellow 10 intolerance/sensitivity have been reported.
some
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive. EFSA Journal 7(11), 1329.
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
SCCS notes there is limited evidence of skin irritation.
some
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 3.
SCCS notes there is limited evidence of eye irritation.
low
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 3.
No evidence of skin sensitization in limited human and animal tests.
low
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 3.
Low acute oral toxicity in animal studies.
low
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 3.
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
Impurity: ZINC
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ZINC
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Suspected of causing genetic defects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Suspected of causing cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of causing genetic defects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of damaging fertility.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: CADMIUM
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: CADMIUM
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic in contact with skin
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
kidney damage
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: CADMIUM
suspected human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ZINC
Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
suspected of causing genetics defects
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ANILINE
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic in contact with skin
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic of swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Drain Opener/Clog Remover; Oven Cleaner; Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ZINC
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
harmful in inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
may cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
may cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ZINC
Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ZINC
Not known to cause asthma
low
Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC): AOEC Exposure Code List (2020 Update)
Impurity: ANILINE
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
low
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: ANILINE
EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
Impurity: ANILINE
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database