Evidence
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
EFSA finds that there is "limited evidence" that Yellow 5 in a mixture with other synthetic colours and sodium benzoate has a "small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children selected from the general population."
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
moderate
European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.
European Food Safety Authority reviewed study of children ingesting food colorings and concluded that it provided "limited evidence" that the mixture had a small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
moderate
European Food Safety Authority & Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC). 2008. Assessment of the results of the study by McCann et al. (2007) on the effect of some colours and sodium benzoate on children’s behaviour, Question No EFSA-Q-2007-171. EFSA Journall 660, 1.
Review article concluded that chemical can cause hyperactivity in children.
some
Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
EFSA concludes that some sensitive individuals may experience allergic reactions at dose levels within the ADI.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.
A review article conclused that this substance may be carcinogenic at high or cumulative exposures, which are unlikely to occur.
some
Peer Reviewed Literature: Amchova, P., H. Kotolova & J. Ruda-Kucerova. 2015. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 73(3), 914-22.
A peer-reviewed study reports this substance shows estrogenic activity in a human cell line.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
Andrew Axon, Felicity E. B. May, Luke E. Gaughan, Faith M. Williams, Peter G. Blain & Matthew C. Wright. 2012. Tartrazine and sunset yellow are xenoestrogens in a new screening assay to identify modulators of human oestrogen receptor transcriptional activity. Toxicology 298(1-3), 40-51.
Ingestion of tartrazine was associated with behavioral changes in irritability, restlessness, and sleep disturbance in some children.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
K. S. Rowe & K. J. Rowe. 1994. Synthetic food coloring and behavior: a dose response effect in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study. The Journal of pediatrics 125(5 Pt 1), 691-8.
Eating a mix of artificial colors with sodium benzoate result in increased hyperactivity in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the general population.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
Donna McCann, Angelina Barrett, Alison Cooper, Debbie Crumpler, Lindy Dalen, Kate Grimshaw, Elizabeth Kitchin, Kris Lok, Lucy Porteous, Emily Prince, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, John O. Warner & Jim Stevenson. 2007. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 370(9598), 1560-7.
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
Kamel, M.M. & El-lethey, H.S. 2011. The Potential Health Hazard of Tartrazine and Levels of Hyperactivity, Anxiety-Like Symptoms, Depression and Anti-social behaviour in Rats. Journal of American Science 7(6), 1211-8.
Review article concluded that chemical caused hypersensitivity reactions.
some
Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
Toyohito Tanaka. 2006. Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 44(2), 179-87.
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
Only in: Food Scores®
some
Toyohito Tanaka, Osamu Takahashi, Shinshi Oishi & Akio Ogata. 2008. Effects of tartrazine on exploratory behavior in a three-generation toxicity study in mice. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 26(2), 156-63.
Allergic reactions have been reported in humans.
some
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Developmental neurotoxicity observed in chicken embryos.
some
Aysegul Ozdemir Ovalioglu, Talat Cem Ovalioglu, Gokhan Canaz, Aysegul Esen Aydin, Sema Arslan, Mehmet Sar & Erhan Emel. 2020. Effects of Tartrazine on Neural Tube Development in the Early Stage of Chicken Embryos. Turkish neurosurgery 30(4), 583-587.
No genotoxicity observed in an in vivo assay.
low
Maria Bastaki, Thomas Farrell, Sachin Bhusari, Kamala Pant & Rohan Kulkarni. 2017. Lack of genotoxicity in vivo for food color additive Tartrazine. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 105, 278-284.
No reproductive or developmental effects observed in animal tests.
low
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.
Impurities
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
May cause cancer
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
Known to cause cancer
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: ANILINE
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Known to cause cancer
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Suspected of causing genetic defects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
May cause cancer
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Known to cause cancer
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: BENZIDINE
May cause cancer
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Known to cause cancer
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Carcinogenic to humans
Carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: TRIAZENE, 1,3-DIPHENYL-
Known to cause cancer
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: LEAD
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: LEAD
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ARSENIC
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ARSENIC
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ARSENIC
Carcinogenic to humans
Carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: ARSENIC
Carcinogenic to humans
Carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ARSENIC
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: MERCURY
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: MERCURY
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: MERCURY
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: MERCURY
May damage the unborn child.
May damage the unborn child.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Suspected of causing genetic defects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
May cause cancer
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Carcinogenic to humans
Carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: CADMIUM
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: BIPHENYL-2-YLAMINE
Suspected of causing cancer
Suspected of causing cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of damaging fertility.
Suspected of damaging fertility.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: LEAD
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: LEAD
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: CADMIUM
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ARSENIC
Toxic if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ARSENIC
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BENZIDINE
confirmed human carcinogen
confirmed human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible
Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: BENZIDINE
cancer
cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ARSENIC
confirmed human carcinogen
confirmed human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ARSENIC
cancer
cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: MERCURY
peripheral nervous system impairment
peripheral nervous system impairment
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: MERCURY
kidney damage
kidney damage
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: MERCURY
central nervous system impairment
central nervous system impairment
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: CADMIUM
kidney damage
kidney damage
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: CADMIUM
suspected human carcinogen
suspected human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: LEAD
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: LEAD
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: LEAD
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: LEAD
Harmful if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BIPHENYL-2-YLAMINE
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: LEAD
may cause cancer
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause cancer
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ARSENIC
may cause cancer
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause cancer
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE
May cause cancer
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE
Very toxic to aquatic life
Very toxic to aquatic life
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE
Known to cause cancer
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
Carcinogenic to humans
Carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: ANILINE
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Suspected of causing genetic defects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Suspected of causing cancer
Suspected of causing cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: BENZIDINE
Carcinogenic to humans
Carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: LEAD
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to females)
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to females)
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: LEAD
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to males)
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to males)
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: LEAD
Known to cause reproductive toxicity
Known to cause reproductive toxicity
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: LEAD
May damage the unborn child.
May damage the unborn child.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: LEAD
Suspected of damaging fertility.
Suspected of damaging fertility.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ARSENIC
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance damages the cardiovascular system.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance damages the cardiovascular system.
some
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.
Impurity: ARSENIC
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance damages the immune system.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance damages the immune system.
some
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.
Impurity: ARSENIC
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance causes damage to the skin.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance causes damage to the skin.
some
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.
Impurity: ARSENIC
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance can damage the kidneys.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance can damage the kidneys.
some
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.
Impurity: MERCURY
Fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of damaging fertility.
Suspected of damaging fertility.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: CADMIUM
Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: TRIAZENE, 1,3-DIPHENYL-
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: CADMIUM
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Probably carcinogenic to humans
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic in contact with skin
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic in contact with skin
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
confirmed human carcinogen
confirmed human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible
Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
cancer
cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
liver cancer
liver cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: BENZIDINE
bladder cancer
bladder cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: LEAD
peripheral nervous system impairment
peripheral nervous system impairment
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: LEAD
hematologic effects
hematologic effects
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ARSENIC
lung cancer
lung cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: MERCURY
kidney damage
kidney damage
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: MERCURY
central nervous system impairment
central nervous system impairment
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: MERCURY
EPA's review of industry submitted toxicity data and the potential for human exposure concludes that this substance poses a high risk for human health.
EPA's review of industry submitted toxicity data and the potential for human exposure concludes that this substance poses a high risk for human health.
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Hazard-Based Prioritizations - Risks
Impurity: LEAD
may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
harmful in inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
harmful in inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: CADMIUM
suspected human carcinogen
suspected human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: 4-AMINOBIPHENYL
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Harmful if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ARSENIC
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance shows some evidence of damage to the developing fetus.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance shows some evidence of damage to the developing fetus.
some
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.
Impurity: BENZIDINE
NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5
NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Impurity: ANILINE
suspected of causing genetics defects
Only in: Household Cleaners
suspected of causing genetics defects
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
may cause cancer
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause cancer
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
may cause harm to breast-fed children
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause harm to breast-fed children
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
may damage fertility or the unborn child
Only in: Household Cleaners
may damage fertility or the unborn child
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: MERCURY
Fatal if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Fatal if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: MERCURY
fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ANILINE
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic in contact with skin
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic in contact with skin
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Toxic of swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Toxic of swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ARSENIC
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ARSENIC
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Drain Opener/Clog Remover; Oven Cleaner; Household Cleaners
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Drain Opener/Clog Remover; Oven Cleaner; Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: LEAD
harmful in inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
harmful in inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ARSENIC
may cause drowsiness or dizziness
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause drowsiness or dizziness
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5
NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Impurity: ANILINE
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ARSENIC
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
may cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
may cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Impurity: ANILINE
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
low
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: AZOBENZENE
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
low
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: MERCURY
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
low
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: MERCURY
Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: MERCURY
not classifiable as a human carcinogen
not classifiable as a human carcinogen
low
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Impurity: ANILINE
EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
Impurity: ANILINE
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
Impurity: ANILINE
EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
Impurity: BIPHENYL-2-YLAMINE
Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
low
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
