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Acid Yellow 23 (Uncertified FD&C Yellow No. 5)

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COMMONLY FOUND IN


SYNONYMS

ACID YELLOW 23, ACID YELLOW 23 (UNCERTIFIED FD&C YELLOW NO. 5), ACID YELLOW 23, TRISODIUM SALT, C.I. ACID YELLOW 23, C.I. ACID YELLOW 23, TRISODIUM SALT, TRISODIUM SALT ACID YELLOW 23


RESTRICTED

EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation.

Common Concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

  • No Data
    Asthma / Respiratory
  • No Data
    Skin Allergies & Irritation
  • LOW
    Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
  • SOME
    Cancer
  • No Data
    Environment


Top Scoring Factors

Evidence of general systemic/organ effects; cancer; blood-related effects


Ingredient concerns

  • CONCERNS
Health Issue Level of Concern Source
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EFSA finds that there is "limited evidence" that Yellow 5 in a mixture with other synthetic colours and sodium benzoate has a "small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children selected from the general population."

Only in: Food Scores®

moderate

European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.

European Food Safety Authority reviewed study of children ingesting food colorings and concluded that it provided "limited evidence" that the mixture had a small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children.

Only in: Food Scores®

moderate

European Food Safety Authority & Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC). 2008. Assessment of the results of the study by McCann et al. (2007) on the effect of some colours and sodium benzoate on children’s behaviour, Question No EFSA-Q-2007-171. EFSA Journall 660, 1.

Review article concluded that chemical can cause hyperactivity in children.

some

Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.

EFSA concludes that some sensitive individuals may experience allergic reactions at dose levels within the ADI.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.

May cause cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Known to cause cancer

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Known to cause cancer

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Suspected of causing genetic defects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

May cause cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Known to cause cancer

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

May cause cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Known to cause cancer

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Known To Be Human Carcinogen

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens

Known to cause cancer

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

Known To Be Human Carcinogen

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens

Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

May damage the unborn child.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of causing genetic defects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

May cause cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Fatal if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Known To Be Human Carcinogen

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens

Suspected of causing cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of damaging fertility.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of damaging the unborn child.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

A review article conclused that this substance may be carcinogenic at high or cumulative exposures, which are unlikely to occur.

some

Peer Reviewed Literature: Amchova, P., H. Kotolova & J. Ruda-Kucerova. 2015. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 73(3), 914-22.

A peer-reviewed study reports this substance shows estrogenic activity in a human cell line.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

Andrew Axon, Felicity E. B. May, Luke E. Gaughan, Faith M. Williams, Peter G. Blain & Matthew C. Wright. 2012. Tartrazine and sunset yellow are xenoestrogens in a new screening assay to identify modulators of human oestrogen receptor transcriptional activity. Toxicology 298(1-3), 40-51.

Ingestion of tartrazine was associated with behavioral changes in irritability, restlessness, and sleep disturbance in some children.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

K. S. Rowe & K. J. Rowe. 1994. Synthetic food coloring and behavior: a dose response effect in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study. The Journal of pediatrics 125(5 Pt 1), 691-8.

Eating a mix of artificial colors with sodium benzoate result in increased hyperactivity in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the general population.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

Donna McCann, Angelina Barrett, Alison Cooper, Debbie Crumpler, Lindy Dalen, Kate Grimshaw, Elizabeth Kitchin, Kris Lok, Lucy Porteous, Emily Prince, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, John O. Warner & Jim Stevenson. 2007. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 370(9598), 1560-7.

A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

Kamel, M.M. & El-lethey, H.S. 2011. The Potential Health Hazard of Tartrazine and Levels of Hyperactivity, Anxiety-Like Symptoms, Depression and Anti-social behaviour in Rats. Journal of American Science 7(6), 1211-8.

Toxic if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Toxic if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

confirmed human carcinogen

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

cancer

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

confirmed human carcinogen

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

cancer

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

peripheral nervous system impairment

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

kidney damage

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

central nervous system impairment

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

kidney damage

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

suspected human carcinogen

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Possibly carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Harmful if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Review article concluded that chemical caused hypersensitivity reactions.

some

Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.

A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

Toyohito Tanaka. 2006. Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 44(2), 179-87.

A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.

Only in: Food Scores®

some

Toyohito Tanaka, Osamu Takahashi, Shinshi Oishi & Akio Ogata. 2008. Effects of tartrazine on exploratory behavior in a three-generation toxicity study in mice. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 26(2), 156-63.

may cause cancer

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

may cause cancer

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Allergic reactions have been reported in humans.

some

European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.

confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

May cause cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Known to cause cancer

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Known To Be Human Carcinogen

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens

Suspected of causing genetic defects

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of causing cancer

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to females)

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to males)

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

Known to cause reproductive toxicity

some

California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)

May damage the unborn child.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of damaging fertility.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance damages the cardiovascular system.

some

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance damages the immune system.

some

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance causes damage to the skin.

some

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance can damage the kidneys.

some

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.

Fatal if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of damaging fertility.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Suspected of damaging the unborn child.

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens

Probably carcinogenic to humans

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

Toxic if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Toxic in contact with skin

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Toxic if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

confirmed human carcinogen

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

cancer

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

liver cancer

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

bladder cancer

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

peripheral nervous system impairment

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

hematologic effects

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

lung cancer

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

kidney damage

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

central nervous system impairment

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

EPA's review of industry submitted toxicity data and the potential for human exposure concludes that this substance poses a high risk for human health.

some

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Hazard-Based Prioritizations - Risks

Developmental neurotoxicity observed in chicken embryos.

some

Aysegul Ozdemir Ovalioglu, Talat Cem Ovalioglu, Gokhan Canaz, Aysegul Esen Aydin, Sema Arslan, Mehmet Sar & Erhan Emel. 2020. Effects of Tartrazine on Neural Tube Development in the Early Stage of Chicken Embryos. Turkish neurosurgery 30(4), 583-587.

may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

harmful in inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

suspected human carcinogen

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

Possibly carcinogenic to humans

some

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

Harmful if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports this substance shows some evidence of damage to the developing fetus.

some

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic.

NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis

suspected of causing genetics defects

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

May cause an allergic skin reaction

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

may cause cancer

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

may cause harm to breast-fed children

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

may damage fertility or the unborn child

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Fatal if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

fatal if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans

some

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

May cause an allergic skin reaction

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis

Toxic in contact with skin

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

toxic if inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Toxic of swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Causes skin irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Causes serious eye damage

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Causes skin irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Causes serious eye damage

Only in: Drain Opener/Clog Remover; Oven Cleaner; Household Cleaners

some

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Harmful if swallowed

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

harmful in inhaled

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

may cause drowsiness or dizziness

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5

some

National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis

causes serious eye irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

causes serious eye irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

May cause an allergic skin reaction

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

may cause respiratory irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Causes skin irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Causes serious eye damage

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

causes serious eye irritation

Only in: Household Cleaners

some

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website

Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

low

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

low

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

low

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)

Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity

low

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer

not classifiable as a human carcinogen

low

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis

EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life

low

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database

EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life

low

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database

EPA testing shows this substance has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life

low

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database

Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

low

EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes

No genotoxicity observed in an in vivo assay.

low

Maria Bastaki, Thomas Farrell, Sachin Bhusari, Kamala Pant & Rohan Kulkarni. 2017. Lack of genotoxicity in vivo for food color additive Tartrazine. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 105, 278-284.

EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life

low

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database

No reproductive or developmental effects observed in animal tests.

low

European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.



Understanding scores

EWG provides information on cleaning product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Healthy Cleaning ingredient hazard score, from A to F, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED® mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Score legend


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