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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acids and salts can affect blood.
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high
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acids and salts caused reproductive or developmental effects in lab animals.
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high
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency fact sheet finds perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate to be persistent pollutants.
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high
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. Emerging Contaminants – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). Emerging Contaminants Fact Sheet.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that perfluorooctanoic acids and salts had acute oral toxicity LD50s as low as 250 mg/kg body weight.
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moderate
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A Science Advisory Board review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency draft risk assessment of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts finds these substances to be probable human carcinogens.
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moderate
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006. SAB Review of EPA’s Draft Risk Assessment of Potential Human Health Effects Associated with PFOA and Its Salts.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found evidence that perfluorooctanoic acids and salts may change hormone levels in humans.
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moderate
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acids and salts can harm the liver.
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moderate
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found suggestive evidence that perfluorooctanoic acids and salts can cause cancer; this designation has not been finalized.
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moderate
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acids and salts may be toxic to the immune system.
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moderate
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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A draft risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that perfluorooctanoic acids and salts were not mutagenic.
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low
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and salts. SAB Review Draft.
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