Evidence
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry studies notes reduced testis and accessory sex gland weight in an animal study
A review of industry studies notes reduced testis and accessory sex gland weight in an animal study
some
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Human patch testing shows that incidence of alkyl glucoside-induced allergic dermatitis is relatively high.
Human patch testing shows that incidence of alkyl glucoside-induced allergic dermatitis is relatively high.
some
Bevin Bhoyrul, Lea Solman, Stephen Kirk, David Orton & Mark Wilkinson. 2019. Patch testing with alkyl glucosides: Concomitant reactions are common but not ubiquitous. Contact dermatitis 80(5), 286-290.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Human patch testing shows that incidence of alkyl glucoside-induced allergic dermatitis is relatively high.
Human patch testing shows that incidence of alkyl glucoside-induced allergic dermatitis is relatively high.
some
Dorien Gijbels, An Timmermans, Pedro Serrano, Evelyne Verreycken & An Goossens. 2014. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by alkyl glucosides. Contact dermatitis 70(3), 175-82.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry studies shows alkyl polyglucosides do not irritate the skin at concentrations below 30 percent.
A review of industry studies shows alkyl polyglucosides do not irritate the skin at concentrations below 30 percent.
low
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not skin irritants at concentrations relevant to cleaners.
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not skin irritants at concentrations relevant to cleaners.
low
Kristin Kocher & H.-J. Wiegand. 2000. Toxicology and Dermatology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not dermal sensitizers.
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not dermal sensitizers.
low
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides have low acute oral toxicity.
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides have low acute oral toxicity.
low
Kristin Kocher & H.-J. Wiegand. 2000. Toxicology and Dermatology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides have low acute dermal toxicity.
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides have low acute dermal toxicity.
low
Kristin Kocher & H.-J. Wiegand. 2000. Toxicology and Dermatology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not skin sensitizers.
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not skin sensitizers.
low
Kristin Kocher & H.-J. Wiegand. 2000. Toxicology and Dermatology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A peer-reviewed study found alkyl polyglucosides did not possess estrogenic or anti-estrogenic properties.
A peer-reviewed study found alkyl polyglucosides did not possess estrogenic or anti-estrogenic properties.
low
H. Messinger, W. Aulmann, M. Kleber & W. Koehl. 2007. Investigations on the effects of alkyl polyglucosides on development and fertility. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 45(8), 1375-82.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A peer-reviewed study found alkyl polyglucosides were not toxic to reproduction.
A peer-reviewed study found alkyl polyglucosides were not toxic to reproduction.
low
H. Messinger, W. Aulmann, M. Kleber & W. Koehl. 2007. Investigations on the effects of alkyl polyglucosides on development and fertility. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 45(8), 1375-82.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A peer-reviewed study found alkyl polyglucosides were not teratogenic.
A peer-reviewed study found alkyl polyglucosides were not teratogenic.
low
H. Messinger, W. Aulmann, M. Kleber & W. Koehl. 2007. Investigations on the effects of alkyl polyglucosides on development and fertility. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 45(8), 1375-82.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides have low acute oral toxicity.
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides have low acute oral toxicity.
low
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not mutagenic.
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not mutagenic.
low
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not estrogenic.
A review of industry studies indicates alkyl polyglucosides are not estrogenic.
low
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry and published studies shows that alkyl polyglucosides are readily biodegradable.
A review of industry and published studies shows that alkyl polyglucosides are readily biodegradable.
low
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger & Walter Aulmann. 2004. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides do not cause mutations.
A review of industry data indicates alkyl polyglucosides do not cause mutations.
low
Kristin Kocher & H.-J. Wiegand. 2000. Toxicology and Dermatology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Impurities
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
May cause genetic defects
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
May cause genetic defects
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
May cause cancer
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
May cause cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause cancer
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to females)
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to females)
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to males)
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause reproductive toxicity (to males)
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause reproductive toxicity
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known to cause reproductive toxicity
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Carcinogenic to humans
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Known To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Suspected of causing cancer
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Suspected of causing cancer
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Known to cause cancer
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Known to cause cancer
some
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
some
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Toxic if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes pulmonary edema
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes pulmonary edema
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin corrosion
Only in: Oven Cleaner; Drain Opener/Clog Remover
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin corrosion
Only in: Oven Cleaner; Drain Opener/Clog Remover
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes reproductive effects
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes reproductive effects
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes leukemia
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes leukemia
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes peritoneal cancer
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes peritoneal cancer
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
cancer
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
cancer
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
central nervous system impairment
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
central nervous system impairment
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Asthmagen (irritation)
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Asthmagen (irritation)
some
Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC): AOEC Exposure Code List (2020 Update)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes cancer
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes cancer
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
liver damage
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
liver damage
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
suspected human carcinogen
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
suspected human carcinogen
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
some
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
some
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
May cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
May cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
May cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
May cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes respiratory irritation
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes respiratory irritation
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes respiratory irritation
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes respiratory irritation
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin irritation
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin irritation
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes eye corrosion
Only in: Drain Opener/Clog Remover; Oven Cleaner
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes eye corrosion
Only in: Drain Opener/Clog Remover; Oven Cleaner
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes skin irritation
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes skin irritation
some
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
may cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
may cause respiratory irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
Causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes serious eye damage
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
Causes skin irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
causes serious eye irritation
Only in: Household Cleaners
some
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): GHS Data from ECHA Website
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
Impurity: ETHYLENE OXIDE
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
low
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA)
Alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
Impurity: 1,4-DIOXANE
EPA testing shows this substance has low acute toxicity to aquatic life
low
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
