A review article reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in people.
Eberhard Ritz, Kai Hahn, Markus Ketteler, Martin K. Kuhlmann & Johannes Mann. 2012. Phosphate additives in food--a health risk. Deutsches Ärzteblatt international 109(4), 49-55.
A review article reports phosphates increase risk for cardiovascular disease in people with chronic kidney disease.
Jaime Uribarri. 2007. Phosphorus homeostasis in normal health and in chronic kidney disease patients with special emphasis on dietary phosphorus intake. Seminars in dialysis 20(4), 295-301.
A review article reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in people.
Robert N. Foley. 2009. Phosphate levels and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 4(6), 1136-9.
A review article reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in people.
Geoffrey A. Block, Joachim H. Ix, Markus Ketteler, Kevin J. Martin, Ravi I. Thadhani, Marcello Tonelli, Myles Wolf, Harald Jüppner, Keith Hruska & David C. Wheeler. 2013. Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.
A review article reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for kidney disease in people.
Geoffrey A. Block, Joachim H. Ix, Markus Ketteler, Kevin J. Martin, Ravi I. Thadhani, Marcello Tonelli, Myles Wolf, Harald Jüppner, Keith Hruska & David C. Wheeler. 2013. Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.
A peer-reviewed publication reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease in people.
Ana Ludimila Cancela, Raul Dias Santos, Silvia Maria Titan, Patrícia Taschner Goldenstein, Carlos Eduardo Rochitte, Pedro Alves Lemos, Luciene Machado dos Reis, Fabiana Giorgetti Graciolli, Vanda Jorgetti & Rosa Maria Moysés. 2012. Phosphorus is associated with coronary artery disease in patients with preserved renal function. PloS one 7(5), e36883.
A peer-reviewed publication reports phosphates are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in people.
Ravi Dhingra, Lisa M. Sullivan, Caroline S. Fox, Thomas J. Wang, Ralph B. D'Agostino, J. Michael Gaziano & Ramachandran S. Vasan. 2007. Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. Archives of internal medicine 167(9), 879-85.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel concludes this substance is safe for use when formulated to be non-irritating.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): CIR Assessments