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CARAMEL COLOR (CONTAINS SULFITES)

CARAMEL COLOR (CONTAINS SULFITES)
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Overall CARAMEL COLOR (CONTAINS SULFITES) is of lower concern in food.

The overall ingredient concern is determined by using a weight of evidence evaluation of the known safety or hazards. In calculating an overall ingredient score multiple findings of low concern may lead to an overall moderate concern rating, or multiple moderate concerns may lead to a high concern rating. For more details read EWG's ingredient concern methodology.

Specific concerns for CARAMEL COLOR (CONTAINS SULFITES)

Concern
 
 
Source
The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reports there is limited evidence this substance causes reproductive and developmental toxicity after oral exposure.
 
California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2011. EVIDENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF Sulfur Dioxide.

Concerns from impurities

Concern
 
 
Source
Impurity: 4-METHYLIMIDAZOLE
Known to cause cancer
 
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: IMIDAZOLE, 2-METHYL-
Known to cause cancer
 
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: FURAN
Suspected of causing genetic defects
 
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: FURAN
May cause cancer
 
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: FURAN
Known to cause cancer
 
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: FURAN
Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogen
 
National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
Impurity: 4-METHYLIMIDAZOLE
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
 
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: IMIDAZOLE, 2-METHYL-
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
 
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: FURAN
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
 
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: FURAN
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
 
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Impurity: 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
A review article reports that this substance is genotoxic and carcinogenic based on in vivo and in vitro testing.
 
Ummay Mahfuza Shapla, Md Solayman, Nadia Alam, Md Ibrahim Khalil & Siew Hua Gan. 2018. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chemistry Central journal 12(1), 35.
Impurity: 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
A review article reports that this substance is toxic to the kidneys.
 
Ummay Mahfuza Shapla, Md Solayman, Nadia Alam, Md Ibrahim Khalil & Siew Hua Gan. 2018. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chemistry Central journal 12(1), 35.
Impurity: 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
An assessment by the National Toxicology Program reports limited evidence of carcinogenicity.
 
National Toxicology Program. 2010. NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (CAS No. 67-47-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 554.
 

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