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Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination

Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination
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Overall Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination is of moderate concern in food.

The overall ingredient concern is determined by using a weight of evidence evaluation of the known safety or hazards. In calculating an overall ingredient score multiple findings of low concern may lead to an overall moderate concern rating, or multiple moderate concerns may lead to a high concern rating. For more details read EWG's ingredient concern methodology.

Specific concerns for Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination

Concern
 
 
Source
Suspected of damaging fertility.
 
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Clear evidence of endocrine disruption in at least one animal study
 
EU Endocrine: EU Endocrine Disrupters
A review article reports that this substance affects the brain and behavior.
 
Jennifer T. Wolstenholme, Emilie F. Rissman & Jessica J. Connelly. 2011. The role of Bisphenol A in shaping the brain, epigenome and behavior. Hormones and behavior 59(3), 296-305.
A peer-reviewed publication reports this substance causes liver cancer in perinatally exposed laboratory animals at low doses.
 
Caren Weinhouse, Olivia S. Anderson, Ingrid L. Bergin, David J. Vandenbergh, Joseph P. Gyekis, Marc A. Dingman, Jingyun Yang & Dana C. Dolinoy. 2014. Dose-Dependent Incidence of Hepatic Tumors in Adult Mice following Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A. Environmental health perspectives.
A peer-reviewed publication reports this substance causes behavioral changes in male rodents when exposed in the womb.
 
Eldin Jašarević, Paizlee T. Sieli, Erin E. Twellman, Thomas H. Welsh, Todd R. Schachtman, R. Michael Roberts, David C. Geary & Cheryl S. Rosenfeld. 2011. Disruption of adult expression of sexually selected traits by developmental exposure to bisphenol A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108(28), 11715-20.
NTP Toxcast scored 3.5-4.5
 
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
A peer-reviewed publication reports that this substance is associated with obesity in adults.
 
Anoop Shankar, Srinivas Teppala & Charumathi Sabanayagam. 2012. Urinary bisphenol a levels and measures of obesity: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2008. ISRN endocrinology 2012, 965243.
A peer-reviewed publication reports this substance is associated with obesity in children.
 
Ruchi Bhandari, Jie Xiao & Anoop Shankar. 2013. Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in U.S. children. American journal of epidemiology 177(11), 1263-70.
 

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