1,4-Dioxane
Pico WD
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2015 | 0.512 ppb | 9 | 6 | ND - 1.20 ppb |
| 2016 | 0.511 ppb | 9 | 4 | ND - 1.40 ppb |
| 2017 | 0.500 ppb | 8 | 4 | ND - 1.000 ppb |
| 2018 | ND | 8 | 0 | ND |
| 2019 | ND | 7 | 0 | ND |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-03-26 | 5C26043-07A | 0.720 ppb |
| 2015-03-26 | 5C26043-03A | 0.760 ppb |
| 2015-03-26 | 5C26043-01A | 0.500 ppb |
| 2015-03-26 | 5C26043-05A | 0.330 ppb |
| 2015-06-22 | 9588-006-0847 | 1.20 ppb |
| 2015-06-22 | 9588-011-0837 | 1.10 ppb |
| 2015-09-02 | 9588-011-0912 | ND |
| 2015-09-02 | 9588-006-0942 | ND |
| 2015-12-23 | 9588-006-0858 | ND |
| 2016-03-14 | 9588-011-0910 | 1.000 ppb |
| 2016-03-23 | 9588-006-0816 | ND |
| 2016-06-20 | 9588-011-0810 | ND |
| 2016-08-17 | 9588-006-0815 | ND |
| 2016-11-21 | 9588-006-0846 | ND |
| 2016-11-22 | 9588-011-0800 | 1.10 ppb |
| 2016-12-09 | 9588-011-1308 | 1.10 ppb |
| 2016-12-22 | 9588-006-0814 | 1.40 ppb |
| 2016-12-22 | 9588-011-0837 | ND |
| 2017-03-20 | 9588-011-0835 | ND |
| 2017-03-20 | 9588-006-0920 | 1.000 ppb |
| 2017-06-22 | 9588-006-0837 | ND |
| 2017-06-22 | 9588-011-0807 | ND |
| 2017-09-18 | 9588-011-0830 | ND |
| 2017-09-18 | 9588-006-0900 | 1.000 ppb |
| 2017-12-11 | 9588-006-0833 | 1.000 ppb |
| 2017-12-11 | 9588-011-0818 | 1.000 ppb |
| 2018-03-07 | 9588-006-0853 | ND |
| 2018-03-07 | 9588-011-0836 | ND |
| 2018-06-06 | 9588-006-0840 | ND |
| 2018-06-06 | 9588-011-0810 | ND |
| 2018-09-20 | 9588-006-0900 | ND |
| 2018-09-20 | 9588-011-0830 | ND |
| 2018-12-11 | 9588-011-0815 | ND |
| 2018-12-11 | 9588-006-0835 | ND |
| 2019-03-25 | 9588-011-0800 | ND |
| 2019-03-25 | 9588-006-0830 | ND |
| 2019-06-26 | 9588-006-0820 | ND |
| 2019-09-25 | 9588-006-0845 | ND |
| 2019-10-31 | 9588-011-0850 | ND |
| 2019-12-19 | 9588-011-0935 | ND |
| 2019-12-19 | 9588-006-1037 | ND |