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EWG Statement, 03/10/2008

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NATIONAL SUMMARY

Quality Varies Across the U.S.

CONTAMINANTS DATABASE

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Tap Water Quality Report The State of Tennessee 682 Water Systems Serving 5,431,615 People

An Environmental Working Group analysis of tap water tests from 1998 through 2003 for 682 communities across Tennessee shows 65 pollutants were found in drinking water across the state.

Pollution Summary

65 30	13 4	11 6	51 21	13 9	17 8
Total pollutants	Agricultural pollutants	Sprawl and Urban pollutants	Industrial pollutants	Water Treatment and Distribution Byproducts	Naturally occurring pollutants
Number of pollutants detected (1998 - 2002)			Over health based limits

NOTE: Health based limits included in this analysis include enforceable drinking water limits (called Maximum Contaminant Limits, or MCLs) as well as governmental, non-enforceable health guidelines, such as Maximum Contaminant Limit Goals (MCLGs), lifetime health advisory levels, one-day and ten-day advisory levels to protect children from non-cancer health endpoints, and other government-established health guidelines for tap water contaminants.

Health Summary

The federal government has set standards for 80 chemical pollutants in tap water, balancing health concerns and treatment costs.

Contaminants found in state tap water (1998-2003): 65

Total population exposed above health-based limits: 4,491,308

Communities served water with contaminants above health-based limits: 258

Health effects or target organs of contaminants found: Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity, Cancer, Developmental Toxicity, Endocrine Toxicity, Immunotoxicity, Kidney Toxicity, Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Respiratory Toxicity, and Skin Sensitivity.

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Contaminants found above health based limits: 30

Rank	Contaminant Name	Population Exposed (of 5,431,615 Total)		Number of Water Systems (of 682) Total
		At Any Level	Above Health Limits See Note	With Detected	Above Health Limits See Note
1	Barium (total)	4,546,818	4,101	318	3
		Mineral from drilling and mining waste runoff; erosion of natrual deposits
2	Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)	4,708,489	4,115,236	285	188
		Measure of four disinfection by-products
3	Chloroform	4,344,869	2,930,331	239	142
		Disinfection by-product
4	Bromodichloromethane	4,265,860	3,414,703	221	199
		Disinfection by-product
5	Sulfate	3,081,308	0	197	0
		Substance from natural deposits, industrial processes, and agriculture
6	Dibromochloromethane	3,793,516	2,964,918	190	141
		Disinfection by-product
7	Total haloacetic acids	3,342,055	2,503,812	133	101
		Measure of disinfection by-products; refers to the sum of the concentrations of dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid in a water sample.
8	Copper	1,710,986	42,124	113	2
		contaminant that enters water by corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits
9	Aluminum	1,446,382	44,680	67	3
		Metal from metal refineries and mining operations
10	Manganese	1,160,880	38,281	67	8
		element from natural deposits as well as industrial use

View Full Table

NOTE: Health based limits included in this analysis include enforceable drinking water limits (called Maximum Contaminant Limits, or MCLs) as well as governmental, non-enforceable health guidelines, such as Maximum Contaminant Limit Goals (MCLGs), lifetime health advisory levels, one-day and ten-day advisory levels to protect children from non-cancer health endpoints, and other government-established health guidelines for tap water contaminants.

Testing Summary

The federal government has set standards for some of the pollutants found in tap water supplies.

Contaminants reported as tested by water suppliers in Tennessee		114
	Contaminants tested due to federal law:	79
	Contaminants tested in addition to those required by federal law:	35

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Violations Summary

According to EPA, in 2003 6% of America's public water systems reported one or more violations of a health-based drinking water standard, and 26% reported significant violations of either monitoring and reporting requirements or health-based standards.

Reported violations (1998 - 2003): 1,013

Number of TN systems with violations: 381 (55.9%)

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Information on violations is drawn directly from EPA's national violations database in the Agency's Safe Drinking Water Information System. Analyses by others have raised questions about the quality of the information in EPA's database. For the purposes of this investigation, EWG is not showing below or including in our analyses, those violations for individual water suppliers that occurred on days for which the total number of violations assigned by EPA to that water supplier was greater than 20. This criteria was based on common characteristics of incorrect violations data as identified by water utilities, from a review of EPA's violations data by several hundred utilities prior to the release of EWG's investigation.