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Status: Regulated - EPA has established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a pollutant from metal degreasing sites and other factories. Potential health impacts associated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane include cardiovascular or blood toxicity, developmental toxicity, gastrointestinal or liver toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and skin sensitivity. [read more]

Sources of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane:

Industry

An Environmental Working Group analysis of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane tests reported by 31,917 public water suppliers in 42 states shows that between 1998 and 2003, 9.9 million people in 236 communities drank water contaminated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. In 1 of these communities, tap water was contaminated at levels above health-based thresholds.

Exposure Summary

9,945,685 People drinking water contaminated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 236 Communities served water contaminated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 76 People drinking water contaminated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane over health based limits 1 Community served water with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane above health based limits

Table. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Exposure by State

76 Americans in 1 states were served tap water contaminated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane at levels above health-based limits between 1998 and 2003.

State	Water suppliers with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane contamination		Water suppliers reporting 1,1,1-Trichloroethane above health-based limits
	Systems	Population	Systems	Population
New York	2	2,830	1	76
California	16	5,986,062	0	0
Pennsylvania	42	1,033,652	0	0
New Jersey	20	794,223	0	0
Washington	10	515,692	0	0
Wisconsin	22	282,831	0	0
Indiana	10	222,745	0	0
Delaware	3	211,502	0	0
Illinois	17	183,583	0	0
Arizona	1	180,000	0	0
Nebraska	5	73,007	0	0
Iowa	3	71,462	0	0
Michigan	10	60,955	0	0
Minnesota	4	56,290	0	0
Colorado	3	49,761	0	0
New Hampshire	11	40,790	0	0
North Dakota	2	37,984	0	0
Florida	3	37,043	0	0
Alabama	4	28,200	0	0
North Carolina	12	27,375	0	0
Nevada	3	17,467	0	0
Ohio	5	9,843	0	0
Kentucky	2	6,030	0	0
Texas	3	5,356	0	0
Arkansas	2	3,248	0	0
New Mexico	4	2,273	0	0
Tennessee	1	1,359	0	0
Wyoming	1	1,067	0	0
Alaska	4	1,011	0	0
Idaho	3	685	0	0
South Carolina	1	573	0	0
Missouri	1	250	0	0
Maine	3	244	0	0
Oklahoma	1	160	0	0
Montana	1	90	0	0
South Dakota	1	42	0	0
Total	236	9,945,685	1	76

Table. The most polluted communities

76 Americans in 1 communities were served tap water contaminated with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane above health based limits between 1998 and 2003

Ranked by highest average 1,1,1-Trichloroethane level

Rank	System	Population Served	Positive test results of total reported tests	Average Level (Range)
1	Quality Mobile Home Park Plattsburgh, NY	76	1 of 1	500 ppb (500 to 500 ppb)

Health based limits for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Health Limit	Limit Value	Limit Description
Maximum Contaminant Limit (MCL)	200 ppb	The enforceable standard which defines the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to health-based limits (Maximum Contaminant Level Goals, or MCLGs) as feasible using the best available analytical and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideration. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Maximum Contaminant Limit Goal (MCLG)	200 ppb	A non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure	100000 ppb	Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure	40000 ppb	Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Lifetime health-based limit, non-cancer risk	200 ppb	Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for a lifetime of exposure. The Lifetime health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is based on exposure for a a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Drinking Water Equivalent Level	1000 ppb	A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Testing Summary for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Water suppliers report an average of 0.7 1,1,1-Trichloroethane tests per year. 7,834 water suppliers failed to report any 1,1,1-Trichloroethane tests at all.

Are tests routinely required for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane by federal law? Yes Water suppliers reporting tests for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1998-2003): 31,917 of 39,751 Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (1998-2003): 0.7 per year

1,1,1-Trichloroethane Violations

Table. 5.0 percent of all water suppliers violated safe drinking water standards for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane between 1998 and 2003

Violation Type	Violations	Systems
Any Violation (1998-2003)	4,716	2,854
	(5.0% of all suppliers)
Testing violations (1998-2003)	4,712	2,854
	(5.0% of all suppliers)
Reporting violations (1998-2003)	2	1
	(< 0.1% of all suppliers)
Violations of tap water pollution standards (1998-2003)	2	1
	(< 0.1% of all suppliers)