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Greenwood Waterworks - Fort Smith, AR

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Serves 8,290 people - Test data available: 2004-2009

This drinking water quality report shows results of tests conducted by the water utility and provided to the Environmental Working Group (EWG) by the Arkansas Department of Health. It is part of EWG's national database that includes 47,667 drinking water utilities and 20 million test results. Water utilities nationwide detected more than 300 pollutants between 2004 and 2009. More than half of these chemicals are unregulated, legal in any amount. Despite this widespread contamination, the federal government invests few resources to protecting rivers, reservoirs, and groundwater from pollution in the first place. The information below summarizes test results for this utility and lists potential health concerns.

	This Drinking Water System	National Average
Exceed Health GuidelinesTests showing chemicals at concentrations above health guidelines established by federal and state health agencies. These guidelines are typically set at a levels that pose no significant health risk.	11 chemicals	4
Health Standard ExceedencesChemicals detected at concentrations above the legal limit, the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCLs) established by the U.S. EPA. Most MCLs are based on annual averages, so exceeding the MCL for one test does not necessarily indicate that the system is out of compliance.	5 chemicals	0.5
Pollutants FoundThe total number of contaminants detected since 2004, according to data provided by the state water agency.	26 chemicals	8
Tests ConductedThe total number of number of water quality tests conducted by water utilities and recorded in data provided by the state water agency.	1,976 tests	420

Contaminants Exceeding Health Guidelines

Contaminant	Average/ Maximum Result	Health Limit Exceeded	Legal Limit Exceeded	Testing History -Tested      -Detected      -Over Health Guidelines      -Over Legal Limit*
Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)Total trihalomethanes constitute the sum of four disinfection byproducts: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform.	96.62 ppb 223 ppb	Yes 9.8 ppb	Yes 80 ppb
ChloroformChloroform is a disinfection byproduct from the trihalomethane (THM) family, and is formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	81.61 ppb 199 ppb	Yes 5.7 ppb	Yes 80 ppb
Total haloacetic acids (HAAs)Total haloacetic acids refers to the sum of the concentrations of five related disinfection byproducts in a water sample: dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid.	39.57 ppb 143 ppb	Yes 0.7 ppb	Yes 60 ppb
Dichloroacetic acidDichloroacetic acid is a disinfection byproduct regulated by EPA as one of five haloacetic acids that are formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	21.58 ppb 74.5 ppb	Yes MCLGA non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.: 0 ppb	Yes 60 ppb
Trichloroacetic acidTrichloroacetic acid is a disinfection byproduct regulated by EPA as one of five haloacetic acids that are formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	14.33 ppb 60.6 ppb	Yes 20 ppb	Yes 60 ppb
BromodichloromethaneBromodichloromethane is a disinfection byproduct from the trihalomethane (THM) family, and is formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	12.23 ppb 22.4 ppb	Yes MCLGA non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.: 0 ppb	No 80 ppb
DibromochloromethaneDibromochloromethane is a disinfection byproduct from the trihalomethane (THM) family, and is formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	2.03 ppb 5.1 ppb	Yes 0.4 ppb	No 80 ppb
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a pollutant from rubber and industrial chemical factories and a leachate from PVC pipes; it is classified by EPA as a probable human carcinogen.	0.62 ppb 2.83 ppb	Yes MCLGA non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.: 0 ppb	No 6 ppb
Lead (total)Lead is a metal that enters water by corrosion of household plumbing systems, discharge of industrial pollution and erosion of natural deposits.	0.1 ppb 0.5 ppb	Yes MCLGA non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.: 0 ppb	No
Alpha particle activityAlpha particles are a form of radiation released from mining waste pollutants and natural sources.	0.4 pCi/L 1.6 pCi/L	Yes MCLGA non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.: 0 pCi/L	No 15 pCi/L
Radium-226Radium-226 is a radioactive element usually found around uranium deposits.	0.13 pCi/L 0.4 pCi/L	Yes MCLGA non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.: 0 pCi/L	No 5 pCi/L
NOTE: Each dot in the above graph represents one month. * Water utilities are noted as exceeding the legal limit if any test is above the maximum contaminant level (MCL). Most MCLs are based on annual averages so exceeding the MCL for one test does not necessarily indicate that the system is out of compliance.

Other Detected Contaminants

Contaminant	Average/ Maximum Result	Health Limit Exceeded	Legal Limit Exceeded	Testing History -Tested      -Detected      -Over Health Guidelines      -Over Legal Limit*
ChloriteChlorite is a disinfection byproduct resulting from water treatment with chlorine dioxide, or from the use of chlorine dioxide as a bleaching agent for cellulose, paper pulp, flour and oils.	227.37 ppb 774.33 ppb	No 800 ppb	No 1000 ppb
Monochloroacetic acidMonochloroacetic acid is a disinfection byproduct regulated by EPA as one of five haloacetic acids that are formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	2.89 ppb 8.1 ppb	No 70 ppb	No 60 ppb
Monobromoacetic acidMonobromoacetic acid is a disinfection byproduct regulated by EPA as one of five haloacetic acids that are formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	0.91 ppb 4.5 ppb	No	No 60 ppb
Bromochloroacetic acidBromochloroacetic acid is a disinfection byproduct, and is formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	2.87 ppb 6.8 ppb	No	Legal at any levelThis is the Federal Limit. State Limits may be lower.
Barium (total)Barium is a mineral that enters drinking water through drilling and mining waste runoff, discharges from chemical industries and erosion of natural deposits.	13.5 ppb 21.7 ppb	No 700 ppb	No 2000 ppb
Gross beta particle activity (pCi/L)Beta particles are a form of radiation frequently associated with nuclear testing and radioactive mineral deposits.	2.6 pCi/L 3.6 pCi/L	No	No 15 pCi/L
ManganeseManganese is a naturally occurring element released from mineral deposits as well as industrial use.	4.58 ppb 13.6 ppb	No 50 ppb	No 50 ppb
Dibromoacetic acidDibromoacetic acid is a disinfection byproduct regulated by EPA as one of five haloacetic acids that are formed when chlorine, chloramines or other disinfectants react with organic and inorganic matter in water.	0.17 ppb 1.3 ppb	No	No 60 ppb
AluminumAluminum is a metal released from metal refineries and mining operations.	28.5 ppb 85.5 ppb	No 200 ppb	No 200 ppb
Di-n-butylphthalateDi-n-butylphthalate is an industrial solvent or additive used in many consumer products such as nail polish, cosmetics, some printing inks, pharmaceutical coatings, cleaning products and insecticides.	0.41 ppb 2.48 ppb	No 700 ppb	Legal at any levelThis is the Federal Limit. State Limits may be lower.
Nitrate & nitriteNitrate and nitrite enter water from fertilizer runoff, leaching from septic tanks, and erosion of natural deposits.	0.05 ppm 0.09 ppm	No 10 ppm	No 10 ppm
Xylenes (total)Xylenes are a group of chemicals produced from petroleum and released as pollutants from chemical, plastics and synthetic fiber industries as well as printing, painting, and laboratory uses.	0.03 ppb 0.5 ppb	No 1800 ppb	No 10000 ppb
m- & p- XyleneXylene is a petroleum-derived solvent used in the printing, rubber, and leather industries, and as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and an ingredient in paints and varnishes.	0.05 ppb 0.5 ppb	No 10000 ppb	No 10000 ppb
NitrateNitrate enters drinking water sources from fertilizer runoff, leaching septic tanks, and erosion of natural deposits; it is also emitted by chemical, petrochemical and metal-finishing industries.	0.11 ppm 0.11 ppm	No 10 ppm	No 10 ppm
CopperCopper is a naturally occuring metal and drinking water contaminant that enters tap water by corrosion of household plumbing systems and erosion of natural deposits.	224 ppb 224 ppb	No 300 ppb	No 1000 ppb
NOTE: Each dot in the above graph represents one month. * Water utilities are noted as exceeding the legal limit if any test is above the maximum contaminant level (MCL). Most MCLs are based on annual averages so exceeding the MCL for one test does not necessarily indicate that the system is out of compliance.

Contaminants Not Detected - 127 chemicals

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, 1,1-Dichloroethane, 1,1-Dichloroethylene, 1,1-Dichloropropene, 1,2 Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,2-Dichloropropane, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, 1,3-Dichloropropane, 2,2-Dichloropropane, 2,4,5-t, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex), 2,4-d, 3-Hydroxycarbofuran, Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Alachlor (Lasso), Aldicarb, Aldicarb sulfone, Aldicarb sulfoxide, Aldrin, Anthracene, Antimony (total), Arsenic (total), Atrazine, Baygon (Propoxur), Benzene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Beryllium (total), Bromobenzene, Bromochloromethane, Bromoform, Bromomethane, Butachlor, Butyl Benzylphthalate, Cadmium (total), Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbon tetrachloride, Chlordane, Chloroethane, Chloromethane, Chromium (total), Chrysene, cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene, cis-1,3-Dichloropropene, Combined Uranium (mg/L), Cyanide, Dalapon, Di(2-Ethylhexyl) adipate, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Dibromomethane, Dicamba, Dichlorodifluoromethane, Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), Dieldrin, Diethylphthalate, Dimethylphthalate, Dinoseb, Diquat, Endothall, Endrin, Ethylbenzene, Ethylene dibromide (EDB), Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Glyphosate, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Hexachlorobutadiene, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, Isopropylbenzene, Lindane, m-Dichlorobenzene, Mercury (total inorganic), Methiocarb, Methomyl, Methoxychlor, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, Monochlorobenzene (Chlorobenzene), Mtbe, n-Butylbenzene, n-Propylbenzene, Naphthalene, o-Chlorotoluene, o-Dichlorobenzene, Oxamyl (Vydate), p-Chlorotoluene, p-Dichlorobenzene, p-Isopropyltoluene, p-Xylene, Paraquat, Pentachlorophenol, Phenanthrene, Picloram, Propachlor, Pyrene, Radium-228, sec-Butylbenzene, Selenium (total), Silver (total), Simazine, Styrene, tert-Butylbenzene, Tetrachloroethylene, Thallium (total), Toluene, Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Toxaphene, trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, trans-1,3-Dichloropropene, Trichloroethylene, Trichlorofluoromethane, Vinyl chloride

Pollution Summary

26	Total Contaminants Detected (2004 - 2009) Aluminum, Chlorite, Barium (total), Copper, Manganese, Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Di-n-butylphthalate, Monochloroacetic acid, Monobromoacetic acid, Dibromoacetic acid, Bromochloroacetic acid, Xylenes (total), m- & p- Xylene, Gross beta particle activity (pCi/L), Lead (total), Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, Total haloacetic acids (HAAs), Chloroform, Bromodichloromethane, Dibromochloromethane, Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Radium-226, Alpha particle activity
2	Agricultural Pollutants (pesticides, fertilizer, factory farms) Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate
7	Sprawl and Urban Pollutants (road runoff, lawn pesticides, human waste) Copper, Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Di-n-butylphthalate, Xylenes (total), m- & p- Xylene, Lead (total)
14	Industrial Pollutants Aluminum, Chlorite, Barium (total), Manganese, Nitrate & nitrite, Nitrate, Di-n-butylphthalate, Xylenes (total), m- & p- Xylene, Gross beta particle activity (pCi/L), Lead (total), Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Radium-226, Alpha particle activity
13	Water Treatment and Distribution Byproducts (pipes and fixtures, treatment chemicals and byproducts) Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Total haloacetic acids (HAAs), Chloroform, Bromodichloromethane, Dibromochloromethane, Dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, Dibromoacetic acid, Monochloroacetic acid, Bromochloroacetic acid, Monobromoacetic acid, Chlorite, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
10	Naturally Occurring (naturally present but increased for lands denuded by sprawl, agriculture, or industrial development) Nitrate, Copper, Nitrate & nitrite, Barium (total), Lead (total), Manganese, Radium-226, Alpha particle activity, Gross beta particle activity (pCi/L), Aluminum
3	Unregulated Contaminants EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for these contaminants Di-n-butylphthalate, Bromochloroacetic acid, Lead (total)

EPA Violation Summary

Violation Category	Number of Violations
MCL and Treatment (click see violations)close	24
Violation Date of Violation Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2004/07/01 - 2004/07/31 Treatment Technique Precursor Removal Carbon, Total-Organic 2004/10/01 - 2004/12/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Single Sample Total haloacetic acids (HAAs) 2004/10/01 - 2004/12/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Single Sample Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2004/10/01 - 2004/12/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2005/01/01 - 2005/01/31 Maximum contaminant level, Monthly (Coliform bacteria) 2005/04/01 - 2005/04/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2005/04/01 - 2005/06/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2005/07/01 - 2005/09/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2005/10/01 - 2005/12/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2006/01/01 - 2006/03/31 Treatment Technique Precursor Removal Carbon, Total-Organic 2006/01/01 - 2006/03/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2006/04/01 - 2006/06/30 Treatment Technique Precursor Removal Carbon, Total-Organic 2006/04/01 - 2006/06/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2006/07/01 - 2006/09/30 Treatment Technique Precursor Removal Carbon, Total-Organic 2006/07/01 - 2006/09/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2006/10/01 - 2006/12/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2007/01/01 - 2007/03/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2007/04/01 - 2007/06/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2007/07/01 - 2007/09/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2007/10/01 - 2007/12/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2008/01/01 - 2008/03/31 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2008/04/01 - 2008/06/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2008/07/01 - 2008/09/30 Over maximum contaminant level, Average Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 2008/10/01 - 2008/12/31
Reporting (click see violations)close	5
Violation Date of Violation Filter Turbidity Reporting 2005/03/01 - 2005/03/31 Filter Turbidity Reporting 2005/04/01 - 2005/04/30 Filter Turbidity Reporting 2005/05/01 - 2005/05/31 Filter Turbidity Reporting 2005/06/01 - 2005/06/30 Filter Turbidity Reporting 2005/07/01 - 2005/07/31
Monitoring (click see violations)close	5
Violation Date of Violation Monitoring and Reporting Disinfection Byproduct Rule Chlorite 2004/03/01 - 2004/04/01 Monitoring and Reporting Disinfection Byproduct Rule Chlorite 2004/02/01 - 2004/02/29 Monitoring and Reporting Disinfection Byproduct Rule Chlorite 2004/05/01 - 2004/05/31 Monitoring and Reporting Disinfection Byproduct Rule Chlorite 2004/04/01 - 2004/04/30 Monitoring and Reporting Disinfection Byproduct Rule Chlorite 2007/01/01 - 2007/03/31

Information on violations is drawn directly from EPA's national violations database in the Agency's Safe Drinking Water Information System. Analyses by others have raised questions about the quality of the information in EPA's database. For the purposes of this investigation, EWG is not showing below or including in our analyses, those violations for individual water suppliers that occurred on days for which the total number of violations assigned by EPA to that water supplier was greater than 20. This criteria was based on common characteristics of incorrect violations data as identified by water utilities, from a review of EPA's violations data by several hundred utilities prior to the release of EWG's investigation.