National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
para-para DDE
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
para-para DDE is a metabolite of DDT, a toxic and persistent insecticide banned in the U.S. and most other countries.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 1 |
1 |
- |
| Water utilities | 2 |
1 |
- |
| People Served | 201,075 |
75 |
- |
Health Concerns for para-para DDE:
para-para DDE Exposure by State
Water utilities in 1 states have reported detecting para-para DDE in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with para-para DDE contamination | Water suppliers reporting para-para DDE above health-based limits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | Systems | Population | |
| Delaware | 2 | 201,075 | 1 | 75 |
| Total | 2 | 201,075 | 1 | 75 |
The Most Polluted Communities
2 water utilities reported detecting para-para DDE in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average para-para DDE level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Autumn Woods Mobile Home Park Wyoming, DE | 75 | 1 of 1 | 0.3 ppb (0.3 ppb) |
| 2 | Artesian Water Company Newark, DE | 201,000 | 1 of 68 | < 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.02 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for para-para DDE
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 0.1 ppb-10 ppb |
Testing Summary for para-para DDE
| Are tests routinely required for para-para DDE by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for para-para DDE (2004-2009): | 613 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.3 per year |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human carcinogen | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) |
| Possible human carcinogen | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Cancer - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Personal Communication from J 1982 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- "Insecticide Biochemistry and Physiology," Wilkinson, C 1976 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1975 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 |
| One or more in vitro tests on microorganisms show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2008 |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of endocrine disruption | Brucker-Davis, F, 1998 |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | DDE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | DDE | •EPA: known endocrine disruptor |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | P,P'-DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHYLENE (DDE) | •Group B2: Probable human carcinogen - sufficient data in animals (EPA classification) |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | DDT METABOLITE, P,P'-DDE | • |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | DDE (DICHLORODIPHENYL-DICHLOROETHYLENE) | •Carcinogen: California Proposition 65 |
| Brucker-Davis, F, 1998 | DDE | •Endocrine toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | DDE | •Cancer hazards: recognized |
| RTECS®- "Insecticide Biochemistry and Physiology," Wilkinson, C 1976 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat oth) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1975 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human mmr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2008 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (non-mammalian species mul) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (non-mammalian species mul) |
| RTECS®- Personal Communication from J 1982 | ETHYLENE, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2-BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat lvr) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | Illinois EPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Preliminary list of chemicals associated with endocrine system effects in animals and humans (*) or in vitro (+). In EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 2000. Handbook for Non-Cancer Health Effects Valuation, Appendix C. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | Colborn T, D Dumanoski, JP Myers. 2006. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. Updated from original listing in "Our Stolen Future" (1996). |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Brucker-Davis, F. Effects of Environmental Synthetic Chemicals on Thyroid Function. Thyroid. 8(9): 827-856. 1998., Guillette, L. J., and E. Guillette. Environmental Contaminants and Reproductive Abnormalities in Wildlife: Implications for Public Health? Toxicology and Industrial Health. 12(3): 537-550. 1996., Illinois EPA. Endocrine Disruptors Strategy. 1997. (Table 1: Preliminary List of Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System Effects in Animals and Humans or In Vitro). http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/environ/illiepatable.htm, Japanese National Institute of Health Sciences. Lists of Paradigmatic Chemicals. http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/endocrine-e/paradigm/paradigm.html, Keith, L.H. (ed.). Environmental Endocrine Disruptors. John Wiley & Sons, NY. 1997. http://www.wileyeurope.com/cda/product/0,,0471191450%7Cdesc%7C3037,00.html, World Wildlife Fund. Our Stolen Future. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Basics/chemlist.htm. The WWF list is derived from references detailed at http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Sources/chemsources.htm and was originally published in: Colborn, T., F.S. vom Saal, and A.M. Soto. Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals In Wildlife and Humans. Environmental Health Perspectives 101(5): 378-384. 1993. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| RTECS®- "Insecticide Biochemistry and Physiology," Wilkinson, C 1976 | RTECS®- "Insecticide Biochemistry and Physiology," Wilkinson, C.F., ed., New York, Plenum Pub. Corp., 1976 -,555,1976 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 12,85,1988 |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 7,325,1985 |
| RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1975 | RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. 54,981,1975 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 136,137,1984 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 343,157,1995 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 46,305,1977 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 588,47,2005 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2008 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 649,135,2008 |
| RTECS®- Personal Communication from J 1982 | RTECS®- Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982 26OCT1982 |
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