National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Vanadium
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Vanadium is a metal used as an alloying addition to iron & steel; it is discharged from ceramic, glass, textile, photography, metallurgy and rubber industries.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 4 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 670 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 38,002,492 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Vanadium:
- Allergies/immunotoxicity
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Occupational hazards
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
- Neurotoxicity
- Cancer
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Ecotoxicology
Vanadium Exposure by State
Water utilities in 4 states have reported detecting Vanadium in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Vanadium contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| California | 665 | 36,815,513 |
| Nevada | 3 | 1,182,903 |
| Vermont | 1 | 3,865 |
| Illinois | 1 | 211 |
| Total | 670 | 38,002,492 |
The Most Polluted Communities
670 water utilities reported detecting Vanadium in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Vanadium level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Caruthers Comm Serv Dist Caruthers, CA | 2,103 | 1 of 1 | 81.33 ppb (81.33 ppb) |
| 2 | Mobile Plaza Park Ceres, CA | 125 | 1 of 1 | 62 ppb (62 ppb) |
| 3 | Del Oro River Island Serv Terr #1 Porterville, CA | 975 | 3 of 3 | 61 ppb (48.2 to 77 ppb) |
| 4 | Sbndo County Service Area 70j Victorville, CA | 4,821 | 4 of 5 | 58 ppb (0 to 96 ppb) |
| 5 | City of Ripon Ripon, CA | 8,200 | 6 of 6 | 55.08 ppb (53 to 58 ppb) |
| 6 | City of Mcfarland Mcfarland, CA | 12,138 | 7 of 7 | 49.21 ppb (8 to 87 ppb) |
| 7 | Camrosa Water District Camarillo, CA | 27,000 | 6 of 6 | 48.44 ppb (13.5 to 68.5 ppb) |
| 8 | City of Dinuba Dinuba, CA | 19,297 | 7 of 7 | 48.29 ppb (38 to 59 ppb) |
| 9 | East Orosi C.S.D. Orosi, CA | 106 | 1 of 1 | 48 ppb (48 ppb) |
| 10 | City of Kingsburg Kingsburg, CA | 11,300 | 3 of 3 | 47.28 ppb (42.67 to 56 ppb) |
Testing Summary for Vanadium
| Are tests routinely required for Vanadium by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Vanadium (2004-2009): | 1,434 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.5 per year |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human immune system toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | nternational Programme of Chemical Safety Environmental Health Criteria 180, 1996 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Known human renal toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Known human respiratory toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Possible human respiratory toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses | RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1965 |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| Limited evidence of kidney toxicity | Merck & Co |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1993 |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human immune system irritant - strong evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
Neurotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1993 |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | VANADIUM | • o |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | VANADIUM | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | VANADIUM | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | VANADIUM COMPOUNDS | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | VANADIUM | •Respiratory toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | VANADIUM | •Kidney toxicity hazards: suspected |
| nternational Programme of Chemical Safety Environmental Health Criteria 180, 1996 | VANADIUM | •Immunotoxicity hazards: suspected |
| Merck & Co | VANADIUM COMPOUNDS | •Kidney toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | VANADIUM | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1993 | VANADIUM | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Food intake (animal) (domestic TDLo) • gastrointestinal - Hypermotility, diarrhea (domestic TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1965 | VANADIUM | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50) |
| RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No | VANADIUM | • cancer - Tumors at site of application (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters | VANADIUM | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (rat TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, Klaassen, C., M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th Ed. Pergamon Press, NY. 1996., Lu, F.C. Basic Toxicology. 2nd Edition. 1991., Nemery, B. Metal Toxicity and the Respiratory Tract. European Respiratory Journal. 3(2): 202-219. 1990.(Table 1: Summary of pulmonary toxicity of metals). |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, Merck & Co. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. TABLE 226-1. Common Nephrotoxic Agents http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/tables/226tb1.htm |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | nternational Programme of Chemical Safety Environmental Health Criteria 180. Principles and Methods for Assessing Direct Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals. World Health Organization. Geneva, 1996. (Table 1: Examples of compounds that are immunotoxic for humans or rodents). |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Merck & Co. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. TABLE 226-1. Common Nephrotoxic Agents http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/tables/226tb1.htm |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1993 | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov V-VII groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing V-VII group elements), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1989. -,132,1993 |
| RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1965 | RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- 28,83,1965 |
| RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No | RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No. PH-43-64-886, Submitted to the National Cancer Institute by The Institute of Chemical Biology, University of San Francisco. (San Francisco, CA 94117) PH43-64-886 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- 109(Suppl |
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