National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Trichlorotrifluoroethane
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113) is used in industrial applications such as a degreasing or dry cleaning solvent, refrigerant, fire extinguisher component and chemical intermediate; production in the U.S. has been banned since 1996.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 3 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 15 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 1,029,342 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Trichlorotrifluoroethane:
- Multiple, additive exposure sources
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Occupational hazards
- Neurotoxicity
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
- Ecotoxicology
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
Trichlorotrifluoroethane Exposure by State
Water utilities in 3 states have reported detecting Trichlorotrifluoroethane in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Trichlorotrifluoroethane contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| California | 12 | 874,632 |
| New York | 2 | 141,400 |
| Wisconsin | 1 | 13,310 |
| Total | 15 | 1,029,342 |
The Most Polluted Communities
15 water utilities reported detecting Trichlorotrifluoroethane in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Trichlorotrifluoroethane level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poplar Comm Service Dist Poplar, CA | 1,901 | 1 of 1 | 17.33 ppb (17.33 ppb) |
| 2 | Rurban Homes Mutual Water Co. El Monte, CA | 300 | 17 of 21 | 15.43 ppb (0 to 59.3 ppb) |
| 3 | Camrosa Water District Camarillo, CA | 27,000 | 16 of 20 | 7.88 ppb (0 to 38.4 ppb) |
| 4 | Champion Water Mutual El Monte, CA | 250 | 10 of 17 | 7.34 ppb (0 to 18 ppb) |
| 5 | City of Modesto Modesto, CA | 190,106 | 40 of 220 | 3.4 ppb (0 to 42 ppb) |
| 6 | Santa Rosa Mobile Estates Santa Rosa, CA | 420 | 1 of 1 | 2.45 ppb (2.45 ppb) |
| 7 | Redlands City Mud-Water Div Redlands, CA | 69,300 | 1 of 72 | 0.32 ppb (0 to 23 ppb) |
| 8 | Great Oaks Wc, Inc. San Jose, CA | 69,787 | 2 of 35 | 0.3 ppb (0 to 6 ppb) |
| 9 | City of Farmersville Farmersville, CA | 10,240 | 2 of 3 | 0.26 ppb (0 to 0.5 ppb) |
| 10 | City of Porterville Porterville, CA | 49,496 | 3 of 16 | 0.24 ppb (0 to 2.4 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Trichlorotrifluoroethane
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| California Public Health Goals | Defined by the State of California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) as the level of contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. For acutely toxic substances, levels are set at which scientific evidence indicates that no known or anticipated adverse effects on health will occur, plus an adequate margin-of safety. PHGs for carcinogens or other substances which can cause chronic disease shall be based solely on health effects without regard to cost impacts and shall be set at levels which OEHHA has determined do not pose any significant risk to health. | 4000 ppb |
Testing Summary for Trichlorotrifluoroethane
| Are tests routinely required for Trichlorotrifluoroethane by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Trichlorotrifluoroethane (2004-2009): | 3,250 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 1.0 per year |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of cardiovascular or blood toxicity | Klaassen, C, 1996 |
| One or more animal studies show effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1964 |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as a low human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,267,1971 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910 1994 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926 1994 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915 1993 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204 1994 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Neurotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effects at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1964 |
| nervous system - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1230 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | RTECS®- Union Carbide Data Sheet 1970 |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1964 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE | • o |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | CHLOROFLUOROCARBON 113 | • There is no reported use of the substance and there is no toxicology information available in PAFA. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | ETHANE, 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUORO- | •This chemical was deemed a low human health priority and was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE | •Restricted - Regulations that have banned or restricted the use of the agent: See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; •Neurotoxin: CNS Solvent Syndrome; •PEL (OSHA) - Permissible exposure limit (OSHA): 1000 ppm; •STEL (ACGIH) - Short-term exposure limits (ACGIH): 1250 ppm; •LC50 - Lethal concentration in 50% of animals tested: 92500 ppm; •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 1000 ppm; •IDLH (NIOSH) - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: 2000 ppm; •Odor Threshold High - The lowest concentration at which a substance can be detected or recognized using the sense of smell: 200 ppm; •Odor Threshold Low - The lowest concentration at which a substance can be detected or recognized using the sense of smell: 0.5 ppm; •MAK - Maximum Allowable Concentration (Federal Republic of Germany): 500 ppm; |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | 1,1,2- TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE | •Pesticide inerts: potentially toxic, testing priority, according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | 1,1,2TRICHLORO1,2,2TRIFLUOROETHANE | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Klaassen, C, 1996 | FREON 113 | •Cardiovascular or blood toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | PROPELLANT 113 | • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1964 | PROPELLANT 113 | • skin - Hair (rat LD50) • gastrointestinal - Other changes (rat LD50) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,267,1971 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - MSHA STANDARD-air (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1230 | PROPELLANT 113 | • reproductive - Abortion (rabbit TDLo) • reproductive - Fetal death (rabbit TDLo) • reproductive - Other effects (rabbit TDLo) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926 1994 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Construc) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204 1994 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Fed Cont) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910 1994 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Gen Indu) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915 1993 | PROPELLANT 113 | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Shipyard) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Union Carbide Data Sheet 1970 | PROPELLANT 113 | • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1987 & 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products - Categorized List of Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Klaassen, C., M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th Ed. Pergamon Press, NY. 1996. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 -,137,1986 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1964 | RTECS®- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.6- 1963- 7,378,1964 |
| RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,267,1971 | RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,267,1971 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1230 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. OTS0571230 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926 1994 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926.55,1994 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204 1994 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910 1994 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915 1993 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915.1000,1993 |
| RTECS®- Union Carbide Data Sheet 1970 | RTECS®- Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) 7/10/1970 |
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