National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Titanium
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Titanium is a metal broadly used for industrial applications, especially manufacture of pigments; it is released as industrial pollutant or due to erosion of natural deposits.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 3 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 9 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 264,341 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Titanium:
- Cancer
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Enhanced skin absorption
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Ecotoxicology
Titanium Exposure by State
Water utilities in 3 states have reported detecting Titanium in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Titanium contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| Alaska | 2 | 221,550 |
| New York | 6 | 25,791 |
| Nevada | 1 | 17,000 |
| Total | 9 | 264,341 |
The Most Polluted Communities
9 water utilities reported detecting Titanium in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Titanium level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Moa Municipality of Anchorage Anchorage, AK | 221,351 | 1 of 1 | 26.43 ppb (26.43 ppb) |
| 2 | Tyonek Water System Tyonek, AK | 199 | 1 of 1 | 26.2 ppb (26.2 ppb) |
| 3 | Newton Falls Water District Cranberry Lake, NY | 550 | 1 of 1 | 14 ppb (14 ppb) |
| 4 | Henderson Town WD #1 Henderson, NY | 650 | 1 of 2 | 10.5 ppb (0 to 21 ppb) |
| 5 | Ellisburg WD 1 (Pierrepont Manor) Ellisburg, NY | 300 | 1 of 2 | 7 ppb (0 to 14 ppb) |
| 6 | Gloversville (C) Water Works Gloversville, NY | 17,991 | 1 of 1 | 6 ppb (6 ppb) |
| 7 | Deferiet Village Deferiet, NY | 300 | 1 of 2 | 4.5 ppb (0 to 9 ppb) |
| 8 | Tupper Lake V Tupper Lake, NY | 6,000 | 1 of 3 | 2 ppb (0 to 6 ppb) |
| 9 | Virgin Valley Water District Mesquite, NV | 17,000 | 1 of 1 | 1.6 ppb (1.6 ppb) |
Testing Summary for Titanium
| Are tests routinely required for Titanium by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Titanium (2004-2008): | 40 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2008): | 0.2 per year |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at moderate doses | RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | RTECS®- Archives of Environmental Health 1971 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | Nemery, B, 1990 |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Enhanced skin absorption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Suspected nano-scale ingredients with potential to absorb into the skin | Nanomaterial Database |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | TITANIUM | • o |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | TITANIUM | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| Nanomaterial Database | TITANIUM | •potential nano-scale ingredient |
| Nemery, B, 1990 | TITANIUM METAL POWDER | •Respiratory toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- Archives of Environmental Health 1971 | TITANIUM POWDER | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No | TITANIUM POWDER | • cancer - blood tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo) • cancer - Tumors at site of application (rat TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| Nanomaterial Database | NanoWerk. 2007. Nanomaterial Database. Available online: http://www.nanowerk.com/phpscripts/n_dbsearch.php |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Nemery, B. Metal Toxicity and the Respiratory Tract. European Respiratory Journal. 3(2): 202-219. 1990.(Table 1: Summary of pulmonary toxicity of metals). |
| RTECS®- Archives of Environmental Health 1971 | RTECS®- Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- 23,102,1971 |
| RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No | RTECS®- Progress Report for Contract No. PH-43-64-886, Submitted to the National Cancer Institute by The Institute of Chemical Biology, University of San Francisco. (San Francisco, CA 94117) PH43-64-886 |
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