National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Isopropyl alcohol
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Isopropyl alcohol is a synthetic chemical used as a solvent for industrial and consumer products, as an intermediate in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a gasoline additive.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 1 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 4 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 49,520 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Isopropyl alcohol:
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
- Cancer
- Occupational hazards
- Neurotoxicity
- Ecotoxicology
- Miscellaneous
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Multiple, additive exposure sources
Isopropyl alcohol Exposure by State
Water utilities in 1 states have reported detecting Isopropyl alcohol in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Isopropyl alcohol contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| Texas | 4 | 49,520 |
| Total | 4 | 49,520 |
The Most Polluted Communities
4 water utilities reported detecting Isopropyl alcohol in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Isopropyl alcohol level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | City of Ballinger Ballinger, TX | 600 | 1 of 1 | 2.5 ppb (2.5 ppb) |
| 2 | EL Paso Water Utilities Public Service Board El Paso, TX | 40,368 | 1 of 1 | 1.4 ppb (1.4 ppb) |
| 3 | Hudson Wsc Lufkin, TX | 8,352 | 1 of 1 | 1.2 ppb (1.2 ppb) |
| 4 | North Texas Mwd Wylie, TX | 200 | 1 of 1 | 1.2 ppb (1.2 ppb) |
Testing Summary for Isopropyl alcohol
| Are tests routinely required for Isopropyl alcohol by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Isopropyl alcohol (2004-2007): | 16 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2007): | 1.4 per year |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2003 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1978 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1978 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1996 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 1993 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses | RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as medium human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at low doses | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1980 |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at low doses | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 |
| Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2000 |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2000 |
| Limited evidence of kideny toxicity | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2003 |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| One or more animal studies show cardiovascular effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1927 |
| One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1992 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Classified as irritant | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 |
| Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen | Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,141,1971 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910 1994 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926 1994 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915 1993 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204 1994 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Neurotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1927 |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1992 |
| nervous system - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Miscellaneous
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Occupational hazards related to handling | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | PROPAN-2-OL;;ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL;;ISOPROPANOL | •Highly flammable •Highly flammable •Irritant (eyes, skin, or lungs) •Irritating to eyes •Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • S |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | 2-PROPANOL | •This chemical was deemed a moderate human health priority and was flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | •Neurotoxin: CNS Solvent Syndrome; •PEL (OSHA) - Permissible exposure limit (OSHA): 400 ppm; •STEL (ACGIH) - Short-term exposure limits (ACGIH): 400 ppm; •RD50 - Concentration producing a 50% decrease in respiratory rate in experimental animals following a 10-minute exposure: 17693 ppm; •LC50 - Lethal concentration in 50% of animals tested: 23040 ppm; •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 200 ppm; •Flammability (NFPA) - NFPA flammability code: 0 = will not burn; 1 = must be preheated; 2 = high ambient temp required; 3 = may ignite at ambient temp; 4 = burn readily: 3: may ignite at ambient temperature; •IDLH (NIOSH) - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: 2000 ppm; •Odor Threshold High - The lowest concentration at which a substance can be detected or recognized using the sense of smell: 610 ppm; •Odor Threshold Low - The lowest concentration at which a substance can be detected or recognized using the sense of smell: 1 ppm; •MAK - Maximum Allowable Concentration (Federal Republic of Germany): 200 ppm; |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | ISOPROPANOL | •IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | 2PROPANOL | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2000 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | •Skin or sense organ toxicity hazards: suspected |
| California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2000 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | •Respiratory toxicity hazards: suspected |
| California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2003 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | •Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected |
| California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 2003 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | •Kidney toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Coma ( human LDLo) • gastrointestinal - Nausea or vomiting ( human LDLo) • respiratory - Respiratory depression ( human LDLo) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1992 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Irritability (infant TDLo) • gastrointestinal - Nausea or vomiting (infant TDLo) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (infant TDLo) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1978 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • reproductive - Fetal death (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Litter size (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Menstrual cycle changes or disorders (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat ihl) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat ihl) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1927 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • cardiovascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section ( human TDLo) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Hallucinations, distorted perceptions ( human TDLo) • cardiovascular - Pulse rate ( human TDLo) |
| RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,141,1971 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - MSHA STANDARD-air (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926 1994 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Construc) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204 1994 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Fed Cont) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910 1994 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Gen Indu) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915 1993 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • occupationally related - OSHA PEL (Shipyard) (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1996 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 1993 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • reproductive - Mating performance (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1980 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1980 | ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Acute Reference Exposure Levels (RELs), Averaging Times, and Toxicologic Endpoints. Includes all Acute Reference Exposure Levels (ARELs) developed by OEHHA through May 2000http://www.oehha.org/air/acute_rels/allAcRELs.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Acute Reference Exposure Levels (RELs), Averaging Times, and Toxicologic Endpoints. Includes all Acute Reference Exposure Levels (ARELs) developed by OEHHA through May 2000http://www.oehha.org/air/acute_rels/allAcRELs.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part III: Technical Support Document 'Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels'. Includes all Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) adopted by OEHHA as of August 2003 (http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/AllChrels.html, plus draft CRELS proposed through March 2004 (http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/index.html. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part III: Technical Support Document 'Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels'. Includes all Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) adopted by OEHHA as of August 2003 (http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/AllChrels.html, plus draft CRELS proposed through March 2004 (http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/index.html. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 -,191,1986 |
| RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 | RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969 -,339,1969 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1992 | RTECS®- American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983- 10,542,1992 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918- 29,1363,1946 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 29,1363,1946 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1978 | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- 43(1),8,1978 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI 25(7),33,1981 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1981 | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI 25(7),33,1981 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1927 | RTECS®- Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1915- 12,326,1927 |
| RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,141,1971 | RTECS®- MSHA STANDARD-air: 3,141,1971 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. AD-A106-944 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. AD-A106-944 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926 1994 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Construc): 29,1926.55,1994 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204 1994 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Fed Cont): 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910 1994 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Gen Indu): 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915 1993 | RTECS®- OSHA PEL (Shipyard): 29,1915.1000,1993 |
| RTECS®- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1996 | RTECS®- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- 23,183,1996 |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 1993 | RTECS®- Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- -1981 13,75,1993 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1980 | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- 55,501,1980 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1980 | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 55,501,1980 |
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