National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Diuron
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Diuron is an herbicide used on railroad rights-of-way, cotton, citrus crops, fruits, nuts and other crops.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 1 |
1 |
- |
| Water utilities | 2 |
2 |
- |
| People Served | 129,576 |
129,576 |
- |
Health Concerns for Diuron:
- Allergies/immunotoxicity
- Cancer
- Endocrine disruption
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Occupational hazards
- Ecotoxicology
- Multiple, additive exposure sources
Diuron Exposure by State
Water utilities in 1 states have reported detecting Diuron in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Diuron contamination | Water suppliers reporting Diuron above health-based limits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | Systems | Population | |
| California | 2 | 129,576 | 2 | 129,576 |
| Total | 2 | 129,576 | 2 | 129,576 |
The Most Polluted Communities
2 water utilities reported detecting Diuron in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Diuron level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elsinore Valley Mwd Lake Elsinore, CA | 81,101 | 1 of 7 | 0.7 ppb (0 to 4.9 ppb) |
| 2 | Jurupa Community Sd Mira Loma, CA | 48,475 | 4 of 34 | 0.13 ppb (0 to 1.5 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Diuron
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| One in one million (10-6) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0.2 ppb |
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 2 ppb-200 ppb |
| One in ten thousand (10-4) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 20 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 100 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1000 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1000 ppb |
Testing Summary for Diuron
| Are tests routinely required for Diuron by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Diuron (2004-2009): | 206 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.7 per year |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human skin toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human carcinogen | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Cancer - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Possible carcinogen | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Handbook of pesticide toxicology 2001 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human disruptor - moderate evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Classified as a high human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as toxic or harmful | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of cardiovascular or blood toxicity | US EPA, 1788 |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humans | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | US EPA, 1788 |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Water Framework Directive |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Food Additive Status |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | DIURON (ISO); 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA | •Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect •Harmful if swallowed •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| FDA Food Additive Status | DIURON | • PEST • Food additive: food additive for which a petition has been filed and a regulation issued • 4 parts per million - In dried citrus pulp for livestock feed applic of the pesticide to growing citrus fruits - CFR561.220 |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | UREA, N'-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL- | •This chemical was deemed a high human health priority and was flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic, persistent, and toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | DIURON | HH-CAT2;WF-CAT3 |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | DIURON | •Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products |
| European Union - Water Framework Directive | DIURON | •Priority substance in EU water policy |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | DIURON | •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 10 mg/m3; |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | N'-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL-UREA | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | DIURON | •Carcinogen: California Proposition 65 |
| US EPA, 1788 | DIURON | •Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 1788 | DIURON | •Cardiovascular or blood toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | DIURON | •Cancer hazards: recognized |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | DIURON | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Handbook of pesticide toxicology 2001 | DIURON | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 | DIURON | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse orl) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation." |
| European Union - Water Framework Directive | EU (European Union). 2000. Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC ) - integrated river basin management for Europe. List of priority substances. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- Handbook of pesticide toxicology 2001 | RTECS®- Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Robert Krieger ed, Academic press, 2001 2,1523,2001 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 58,353,1978 |
"RTECS®" is a United States trademark owned and licensed under authority of the U.S. Government, by and through MDL Information Systems, Inc.