National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Di-n-octylphthalate
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Di-n-octylphthalate is a synthetic chemical used to keep plastics soft or more flexible; it is found in diverse industrial and consumer products that range from cosmetics to pesticides.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 2 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 4 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 201,332 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Di-n-octylphthalate:
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Endocrine disruption
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Neurotoxicity
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Biochemical or cellular level changes
- Ecotoxicology
- Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
Di-n-octylphthalate Exposure by State
Water utilities in 2 states have reported detecting Di-n-octylphthalate in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Di-n-octylphthalate contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| Delaware | 1 | 201,000 |
| California | 3 | 332 |
| Total | 4 | 201,332 |
The Most Polluted Communities
4 water utilities reported detecting Di-n-octylphthalate in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Di-n-octylphthalate level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Kern Mutual Water Company Old River, CA | 39 | 1 of 1 | 0.11 ppb (0.11 ppb) |
| 2 | Allen Road Mutual Water System Bakersfield, CA | 225 | 1 of 1 | 0.11 ppb (0.11 ppb) |
| 3 | St. Clair Ranchos Mutual Water Co. Bakersfield, CA | 68 | 1 of 1 | 0.11 ppb (0.11 ppb) |
| 4 | Artesian Water Company Newark, DE | 201,000 | 2 of 73 | 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.63 ppb) |
Testing Summary for Di-n-octylphthalate
| Are tests routinely required for Di-n-octylphthalate by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Di-n-octylphthalate (2004-2009): | 214 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.6 per year |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses | RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 |
| Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| One or more animal studies show effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv 1979 |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 2000 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicologist 1988 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1985 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 1977 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1973 |
| One or more animal studies show blood effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1976 |
| One or more animal studies show blood effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1985 |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of endocrine disruption | Brucker-Davis, F, 1998 |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1985 |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- Industrial Health 1987 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Neurotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effects at moderate doses | RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv 1979 |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1993 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0143 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 1987 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8147 |
Biochemical or cellular level changes
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1985 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIOCTYL ESTER | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | DI-N-OCTYLPHTHALATE (DNOP) | HH-CAT3b;WF-CAT3b |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIOCTYL ESTER | HH-CAT3b;WF-CAT3b |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE | •Pesticide inerts: potentially toxic, testing priority, according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| NTP - Risks to Human Reproduction | DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE | REPRO: Men: negligible concern. Women: negligible concern. || DEVELOPMENT: Data are insufficient to reach conclusions. |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | DIOCTYL ESTER1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | DIOCTYL ESTER1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE | •Gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Brucker-Davis, F, 1998 | DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE | •Endocrine toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • endocrine system - Evidence of thyroid hypofunction (rat TDLo) • liver - Fatty liver degeneration (rat TDLo) • liver - Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal (rat TDLo) • blood - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1976 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1973 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1985 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • blood - Changes in spleen (rat TDLo) • endocrine system - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Industrial Health 1987 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • immune system - Decrease in humoral immune response (rat TDLo) • immune system - Decreased immune response (rat TDLo) • endocrine system - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • developmental - Other developmental abnormalities (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 1977 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8147 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • reproductive - Hepatobiliary system (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0143 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • reproductive - Live birth index (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 1987 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • reproductive - Live birth index (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv 1979 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • respiratory - Dyspnea (rat TDLo) • respiratory - Respiratory depression (rat TDLo) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 2000 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • liver - Other changes (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 1988 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • liver - Fatty liver degeneration (rat TDLo) • liver - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1985 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • liver - Fatty liver degeneration (rat TDLo) • biochemical - Phosphatases (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1993 | DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, ISO | • reproductive - Spermatogenesis (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (rat TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1987 & 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products - Categorized List of Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients. |
| NTP - Risks to Human Reproduction | NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2006. NTP Center for the Evaluation fo Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). NTP-CERHR Reports and Monographs. |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | OSPAR (Oslo-Paris). 2002. OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR. Place Published, OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environement of North-East Atlanic. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Brucker-Davis, F. Effects of Environmental Synthetic Chemicals on Thyroid Function. Thyroid. 8(9): 827-856. 1998., Japanese National Institute of Health Sciences. Lists of Paradigmatic Chemicals. http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/endocrine-e/paradigm/paradigm.html |
| RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J 1986 | RTECS®- "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 -,390,1986 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918- 29,1363,1946 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology 1946 | RTECS®- American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 29,1363,1946 |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- 70,195,1986 |
| RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1976 | RTECS®- Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- 39,635,1976 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1973 | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI 17(11),51,1973 |
| RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1985 | RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963- 23,315,1985 |
| RTECS®- Industrial Health 1987 | RTECS®- Industrial Health. (National Institute of Industrial Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 213 Japan) V.1- 1963- 25,97,1987 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- 61,51,1972 |
| RTECS®- Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 1977 | RTECS®- Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. (Soc. of Cosmetic Chemists, 1995 Broadway, Suite 1701, New York, NY 10023) V.1- 1947- 28,667,1977 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8147 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. #PB85218147 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0143 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. PB85-220143 |
| RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 1987 | RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- 7,29,1987 |
| RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv 1979 | RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961- 15,123,1979 |
| RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 2000 | RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998- 54,312,2000 |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 1988 | RTECS®- Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- -1981 8,38,1988 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1985 | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- 77,116,1985 |
| RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1993 | RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi. Journal of Health Toxicology. (Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi Bianjibu, Dongdaqiao, Chaoyang Menwai, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1987 7,83,1993 |
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