National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Di-n-butylphthalate
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Di-n-butylphthalate is an industrial solvent or additive used in many consumer products such as nail polish, cosmetics, some printing inks, pharmaceutical coatings, cleaning products and insecticides. [read more]
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 15 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 187 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 4,646,990 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Di-n-butylphthalate:
- Endocrine disruption
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Allergies/immunotoxicity
- Occupational hazards
- Cancer
- Neurotoxicity
- Biochemical or cellular level changes
- Ecotoxicology
Di-n-butylphthalate Exposure by State
Water utilities in 15 states have reported detecting Di-n-butylphthalate in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Di-n-butylphthalate contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| New Jersey | 20 | 3,169,609 |
| Arkansas | 64 | 559,074 |
| California | 5 | 266,378 |
| Delaware | 11 | 228,546 |
| Maine | 13 | 146,948 |
| Florida | 1 | 58,000 |
| New Mexico | 1 | 51,983 |
| Missouri | 15 | 49,827 |
| Rhode Island | 4 | 38,050 |
| Iowa | 17 | 32,990 |
| Washington | 7 | 27,753 |
| New Hampshire | 18 | 9,260 |
| Texas | 8 | 5,377 |
| Nevada | 2 | 3,070 |
| Wisconsin | 1 | 125 |
| Total | 187 | 4,646,990 |
The Most Polluted Communities
187 water utilities reported detecting Di-n-butylphthalate in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Di-n-butylphthalate level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wellman Municipal Waterworks Wellman, IA | 1,393 | 1 of 1 | 120 ppb (120 ppb) |
| 2 | Muscatine Power & Water Muscatine, IA | 23,102 | 1 of 1 | 65 ppb (65 ppb) |
| 3 | Prairie View Estates Hoa Iowa City, IA | 155 | 1 of 1 | 63 ppb (63 ppb) |
| 4 | Hadleys Lake Apartments Portland, ME | 45 | 1 of 1 | 32 ppb (32 ppb) |
| 5 | Stoney Creek North Davenport, IA | 50 | 4 of 4 | 12.18 ppb (7.1 to 21 ppb) |
| 6 | Loring Utilities Limestone, ME | 1,409 | 1 of 1 | 9.7 ppb (9.7 ppb) |
| 7 | Sandy Ridge Estates Ossipee, NH | 125 | 1 of 1 | 8.8 ppb (8.8 ppb) |
| 8 | Searsport Water District Searsport, ME | 2,450 | 1 of 1 | 8.1 ppb (8.1 ppb) |
| 9 | Bastrop County Wcid 1 Mc Dade, TX | 636 | 1 of 1 | 7.8 ppb (7.8 ppb) |
| 10 | Tuckerman Waterworks Tuckerman, AR | 1,944 | 1 of 1 | 6.86 ppb (6.86 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Di-n-butylphthalate
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 700 ppb |
| EPA Human Health Water Quality Criteria | Water quality criteria set by the US EPA provide guidance for states and tribes authorized to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act (CWA) to protect human health. These are non-enforceable standards based upon exposure by both drinking water and the contribution of water contamination to other consumed foods. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 2000 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 4000 ppb |
Testing Summary for Di-n-butylphthalate
| Are tests routinely required for Di-n-butylphthalate by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Di-n-butylphthalate (2004-2009): | 2,662 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.4 per year |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human endocrine disruptor - strong evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
| Limited evidence of endocrine disruption | BKH/European Commission, 2000 |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1968 |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0401 |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1977 |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human developmental toxicant | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | US EPA, 9204 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1989 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Congenital Anomalies 1999 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology 1994 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology 1994 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1973 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1993 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1993 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1998 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1998 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1997 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1997 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1973 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Osaka-furitsu Koshu Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku, Shokuhin Eisei Hen 1977 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1982 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 1987 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1980 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1982 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 1998 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Environmental Research 1980 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen) 2001 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Known human respiratory toxicant | EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants |
| One or more animal studies show effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1954 |
| One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1954 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1991 |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1968 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0401 |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0401 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 3353 |
| One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 3353 |
| One or more animal studies show blood effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 3353 |
| reproductive - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as a low human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2000 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 2001 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 |
| Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) |
Neurotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at moderate doses | RTECS®- Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1954 |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1973 |
Biochemical or cellular level changes
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1968 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •May be toxic to the reproductive system •May cause harm to the unborn child •Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity •Possible risk of impaired fertility •Dangerous for the environment •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Safe as used in cosmetics according to industry panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) •Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product • |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIBUTYL ESTER | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged as a low human health priority and for suspected aquatic toxicity. |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE | •EPA: suspected endocrine disruptor |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Group D: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (EPA classification) |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | DI-N-BUTYLPHTHALATE (DBP) | HH-CAT1;WF-CAT3 |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants | DIBUTYLPHTHALATE | •Hazardous air pollutant under Clean Air Act |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin or lungs: Yes; •Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male and female reproductive function: Yes; •PEL (OSHA) - Permissible exposure limit (OSHA): 0.43 ppm; •LC50 - Lethal concentration in 50% of animals tested: 40000 ppm; •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 0.43 ppm; •Flammability (NFPA) - NFPA flammability code: 0 = will not burn; 1 = must be preheated; 2 = high ambient temp required; 3 = may ignite at ambient temp; 4 = burn readily: 1: must be preheated; •IDLH (NIOSH) - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: 345 ppm; |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Pesticide inerts: potentially toxic, testing priority, according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| NTP - Risks to Human Reproduction | DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE | REPRO: Men: negligible concern; Women: negligible concern. || DEVELOPMENT: Minimal concern for male reproductive tract when pregnant women are exposed to 2-10 ug/kg bw/day. Some concern for higher exposures. |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE (DBP) | • |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | DIBUTYL ESTER1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | DIBUTYL ESTER1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE (DBP) | •Developmental toxin: California Proposition 65 •Reproductive toxin, female: California Proposition 65 •Reproductive toxin, male: California Proposition 65 |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected |
| BKH/European Commission, 2000 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Endocrine toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 9204 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Congenital Anomalies 1999 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Uterus, cervix, vagina (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1973 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Weaning or lactation index (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1982 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2000 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2000 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Research 1980 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1968 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • biochemical - True cholinesterase (rat TDLo) • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (rat TDLo) • endocrine system - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1997 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • developmental - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0401 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (rat TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • endocrine system - Changes in testicular weight (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 3353 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • kidney or renal system - Changes in bladder weight (rat TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • blood - Normocytic anemia (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Osaka-furitsu Koshu Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku, Shokuhin Eisei Hen 1977 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Central nervous system (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Litter size (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Pre-implantation mortality (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen) 2001 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Other effects on embryo (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Litter size (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Other effects (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1954 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Hallucinations, distorted perceptions ( human TDLo) • gastrointestinal - Nausea or vomiting ( human TDLo) • kidney or renal system - Other changes ( human TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 2001 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 1987 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Litter size (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 2001 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1998 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • developmental - Delayed effects (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Uterus, cervix, vagina (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1998 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 1998 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1973 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Extra-embryonic structures (rat TDLo) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Food intake (animal) (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1977 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • endocrine system - Changes in testicular weight (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1982 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (guinea pig TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1980 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Other effects in male (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1993 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • developmental - Fetal death (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology 1994 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • developmental - Craniofacial (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1989 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Spermatogenesis (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi 1991 | DIBUTYL PHTHALATE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | Illinois EPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Preliminary list of chemicals associated with endocrine system effects in animals and humans (*) or in vitro (+). In EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 2000. Handbook for Non-Cancer Health Effects Valuation, Appendix C. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation." |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. Office of Air. The 112(b)1 Hazardous Air Pollutants List (as modified). Last modified: 12 Dec 2005. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1987 & 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products - Categorized List of Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients. |
| NTP - Risks to Human Reproduction | NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2006. NTP Center for the Evaluation fo Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). NTP-CERHR Reports and Monographs. |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | Colborn T, D Dumanoski, JP Myers. 2006. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. Updated from original listing in "Our Stolen Future" (1996). |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | OSPAR (Oslo-Paris). 2002. OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR. Place Published, OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environement of North-East Atlanic. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction. National Toxicology Program. 10th Report on Carcinogens (2002). http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.htmlERHR Briefs and Expert Panel Reports. http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/, US EPA. Roadmaps to Sources of Information on Chemicals Listed in the Emergency Planning Community and Community Right-to-Know Act (Also Known as SARA Title 3), Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory (for Microcomputers). (Report Number EPADFDK92040). 1991. Data file distributed in 2 diskettes by Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. NOTE: Datasource no longer being maintained by EPA; not currently available online., Jankovic, J. A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive Health Risk. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 57: 641-649. 1996., Chapin, R.E. and R.A. Sloane. NIEHS/NTP Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding: Evolving Study Design and Summaries of Ninety Studies. Environmental Health Perspectives 105, Supplement 1: 199-394. 1997. http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1997/Suppl-1/chapin.html, Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html.-CAND |
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