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National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants

Cyanazine (Bladex)

Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.

Cyanazine is an herbicide used on corn to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. [read more]

Cyanazine Cyanazine is an herbicide that had been primarily applied on corn; it has been linked to adverse developmental effects, genetic mutations and cancer and has been found in groundwater (NJ Department of Health and Senior Services 2000a). Cyanazine is relatively persistent in the environment, and under certain conditions can remain at significant levels in surface water for over one year. In addition to teratogenicity (birth defects) and carcinogenicity, exposure to cyanazine damages the central nervous system and may lead to loss of balance and muscle coordination, tremors, and behavioral effects including ataxia (U.S. Department of the Interior - Fish and Wildlife Service 1984). Due to the severe toxicity of cyanazine, EPA initiated a phase-out of this pesticide in 1995; in 2000, EPA announced the cancellation of all cyanazine registrations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2000b).

	Detected	Found above health guidelines	Found above legal limit
States	1	-	-
Water utilities	4	-	-
People Served	3,886	-	-

Health Concerns for Cyanazine (Bladex):

• Developmental/reproductive toxicity
• Endocrine disruption
• Occupational hazards
• Cancer
• Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
• Ecotoxicology
• Persistence and bioaccumulation

Cyanazine (Bladex) Exposure by State

Water utilities in 1 states have reported detecting Cyanazine (Bladex) in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.

State	Water Suppliers with Cyanazine (Bladex) contamination
	Systems	Population
Iowa	4	3,886
Total	4	3,886

The Most Polluted Communities

4 water utilities reported detecting Cyanazine (Bladex) in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies

Ranked by highest average Cyanazine (Bladex) level

Rank	System	Population Served	Positive test results of total reported tests	Average Level (Range)
1	Fox Creek Benefitted Wtr. District Ankeny, IA	488	1 of 1	0.19 ppb (0.19 ppb)
2	Arlington Water Supply Arlington, IA	490	1 of 5	0.12 ppb (0 to 0.58 ppb)
3	Reinbeck Water Supply Reinbeck, IA	1,751	1 of 5	0.03 ppb (0 to 0.17 ppb)
4	Central City Water Supply Central Ci, IA	1,157	1 of 7	0.02 ppb (0 to 0.11 ppb)

Health Based Limits for Cyanazine (Bladex)

Standard	Description	Level
Lifetime health-based limit, non-cancer risk	Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for a lifetime of exposure. The Lifetime health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is based on exposure for a a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.	1 ppb
Health-Based Screening Level	A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey.	1 ppb
Drinking Water Equivalent Level	A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.	70 ppb
Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure	Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.	100 ppb
Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure	Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.	100 ppb

Testing Summary for Cyanazine (Bladex)

Are tests routinely required for Cyanazine (Bladex) by federal law?	No
Water suppliers reporting tests for Cyanazine (Bladex) (2004-2009):	3,486 of 47,576
Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009):	0.4 per year

Developmental/reproductive toxicity

Type of concern:	Reference:
Possible human developmental toxicant	California EPA Proposition 65
Human developmental toxicant - strong evidence	Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens
Human developmental toxicant - moderate evidence	CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Limited evidence of musculoskeletal toxicity	CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Limited evidence of developmental toxicity	CHE Toxicant and Disease Database

Endocrine disruption

Type of concern:	Reference:
Human disruptor - moderate evidence	European Commission on Endocrine Disruption

Occupational hazards

Type of concern:	Reference:
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses	European Union - Classification & Labelling

Cancer

Type of concern:	Reference:
Cancer - limited evidence	CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Cancer - limited evidence	US EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, 2002
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results	RTECS®- Mutation Research 1992
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results	RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1993
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results	RTECS®- Mutation Research 2001
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results	RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

Type of concern:	Reference:
Classified as toxic or harmful	European Union - Classification & Labelling
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Ecotoxicology

Type of concern:	Reference:
Wildlife and environmental toxicity	European Union - Classification & Labelling
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Persistence and bioaccumulation

Type of concern:	Reference:
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Government, industry, academic studies and classifications

government/industry list/academic study	appears on list as	classification(s)
European Union - Classification & Labelling	CYANAZINE	•Harmful •Harmful if swallowed •Dangerous for the environment •Very toxic to aquatic organisms
EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs	CYANAZINE	•Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs
California EPA Proposition 65	CYANAZINE	•Developmental toxin: California Proposition 65
US EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, 2002	CYANAZINE	•Cancer hazards: suspected
Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens	CYANAZINE	•Developmental toxicity hazards: recognized
European Commission on Endocrine Disruption	CYANAZINE	HH-CAT2;WF-CAT3b
Environment Canada Domestic Substance List	PROPANENITRILE, 2-[[4-CHLORO-6-(ETHYLAMINO) -1,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL]AMINO]-2-METHYL-	•This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence.
RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1993	CYANAZINE	• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr)
RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977	CYANAZINE	• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Dominant Lethal Strain (Drosophila melanogaster orl)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1992	CYANAZINE	• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 2001	CYANAZINE	• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse ipr)

references

government/industry list/academic study	reference
European Union - Classification & Labelling	CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP.
EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs	EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule.
California EPA Proposition 65	California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.
Scorecard.org Toxicity Information	US EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential (5/10/2002). OPP, Washington, DC. http://www.epi.uci.edu/valleycenter/EPAListCarcinogenicChemicals.pdf, US EPA, Office of Emergency Response and Remediation. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/resources/scdm/index.htm
Scorecard.org Toxicity Information	Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html.
European Commission on Endocrine Disruption	EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998.
Environment Canada Domestic Substance List	EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1993	RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 21,81,1993
RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977	RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 3,691,1977
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1992	RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 281,295,1992
RTECS®- Mutation Research 2001	RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 493,1,2001

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