National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Butyl Benzylphthalate
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Butyl benzylphthalate is an industrial solvent and additive used in adhesives, vinyl flooring, sealants, car-care products and some personal care products. [read more]
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 7 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 19 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 900,346 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Butyl Benzylphthalate:
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Endocrine disruption
- Cancer
- Allergies/immunotoxicity
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Neurotoxicity
- Ecotoxicology
Butyl Benzylphthalate Exposure by State
Water utilities in 7 states have reported detecting Butyl Benzylphthalate in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Butyl Benzylphthalate contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| New Jersey | 5 | 479,052 |
| California | 6 | 217,403 |
| Delaware | 3 | 202,345 |
| Arkansas | 2 | 1,173 |
| Washington | 1 | 250 |
| Vermont | 1 | 81 |
| Texas | 1 | 42 |
| Total | 19 | 900,346 |
The Most Polluted Communities
19 water utilities reported detecting Butyl Benzylphthalate in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Butyl Benzylphthalate level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long Canyon Water Company Corp. Weldon, CA | 197 | 1 of 1 | 4.4 ppb (4.4 ppb) |
| 2 | Aqua Copia/Horse Country Estates Snohomish, WA | 250 | 1 of 2 | 4.2 ppb (0 to 8.4 ppb) |
| 3 | Mar Lynn Subdivision Weatherford, TX | 42 | 1 of 2 | 2.79 ppb (0 to 5.57 ppb) |
| 4 | Mil Potrero Mwc Pine Mountain Club, CA | 1,700 | 1 of 4 | 2.1 ppb (0 to 8.4 ppb) |
| 5 | Golden Hills Csd Tehachapi, CA | 7,434 | 1 of 5 | 1.37 ppb (0 to 6.85 ppb) |
| 6 | Bear Valley Csd Tehachapi, CA | 5,300 | 1 of 2 | 1.15 ppb (0 to 2.3 ppb) |
| 7 | Lost Hills Utility District Lost Hills, CA | 2,772 | 1 of 2 | 1.03 ppb (0 to 2.05 ppb) |
| 8 | Homestead Acres Mhp Swanton, VT | 81 | 1 of 2 | 0.87 ppb (0 to 1.73 ppb) |
| 9 | Boydell Water Association Mcgehee, AR | 156 | 1 of 2 | 0.41 ppb (0 to 0.81 ppb) |
| 10 | Oxford Waterworks Oxford, AR | 1,017 | 1 of 5 | 0.16 ppb (0 to 0.8 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Butyl Benzylphthalate
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 100 ppb |
| EPA Human Health Water Quality Criteria | Water quality criteria set by the US EPA provide guidance for states and tribes authorized to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act (CWA) to protect human health. These are non-enforceable standards based upon exposure by both drinking water and the contribution of water contamination to other consumed foods. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1500 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 7000 ppb |
Testing Summary for Butyl Benzylphthalate
| Are tests routinely required for Butyl Benzylphthalate by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Butyl Benzylphthalate (2004-2009): | 2,553 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.4 per year |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human developmental toxicant | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses | Wang JX, Xi YL, Hu K, Liu XB, 2011 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1995 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at low doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1995 |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | Lyche JL, Gutleb AC, Bergman A, Eriksen GS, Murk AJ, Ropstad E, Saunders M, Skaare JU, 2009 |
| Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction, 2002 |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction, 2002 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1997 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2004 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology 1995 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2004 |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1992 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1999 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 9999 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 1984 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2005 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 1994 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1995 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1997 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2001 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5346 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2003 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2002 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2005 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2004 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 1998 |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1992 |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human endocrine disruptor - strong evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
| Limited evidence of endocrine disruption | BKH/European Commission, 2000 |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1982 |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1089 |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1997 |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8398 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1014 |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 |
| Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen | Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more human case studies show significant immune or allergenic effects | Just AC, Whyatt RM, Perzanowski MS, Calafat AM, Perera FP, Goldstein IF, Chen Q, Rundle AG, Miller RL, 2012 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humans | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1988 |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| One or more animal studies show effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man 1982 |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1980 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1973 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1974 |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2003 |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2003 |
| One or more animal studies show blood effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicology and Industrial Health 1987 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Journal of the American College of Toxicology 1992 |
| One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicology and Industrial Health 1987 |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | RTECS®- Toxicology and Industrial Health 1987 |
| Classified as a low human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Neurotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1980 |
| One or more animal studies show brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect effects at high doses | RTECS®- Toxicology and Industrial Health 1987 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | BBP | •May cause harm to the unborn child •Possible risk of impaired fertility •Dangerous for the environment •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | •Safe as used in cosmetics according to industry panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) •Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product • |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | BENZYL BUTYL PHTHALATE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BUTYL PHENYLMETHYL ESTER | •This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity. The chemical was also flagged as a low human health priority. |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | •EPA: suspected endocrine disruptor |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | •Group C: Possible human carcinogen (EPA classification) |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | BUTYLBENZYLPHTHALATE (BBP) | HH-CAT1;WF-CAT3 |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | •IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | •Pesticide inerts: potentially toxic, testing priority, according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| NTP - Risks to Human Reproduction | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | REPRO: Men: negligle concern; Women: data are insufficient to reach conclusions. || DEVELOPMENT: Fetuses and children: minimal concern |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE (BBP) | • |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | BUTYL PHENYLMETHYL ESTER1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | BUTYL PHENYLMETHYL ESTER1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Wang JX, Xi YL, Hu K, Liu XB, 2011 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | A peer-reviewed study reports BBP causes reproductive effects in animals. |
| Lyche JL, Gutleb AC, Bergman A, Eriksen GS, Murk AJ, Ropstad E, Saunders M, Skaare JU, 2009 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | A review article reports BBP is a developmental and reproductive toxicant. |
| Just AC, Whyatt RM, Perzanowski MS, Calafat AM, Perera FP, Goldstein IF, Chen Q, Rundle AG, Miller RL, 2012 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | A peer-reviewed study reports BBP is associated with allergies in people. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE (BBP) | •Developmental toxin: California Proposition 65 |
| BKH/European Commission, 2000 | BENZYL BUTYL PHTHALATE | •Endocrine toxicity hazards: suspected |
| National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction, 2002 | BENZYL BUTYL PHTHALATE | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: suspected |
| National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction, 2002 | BENZYL BUTYL PHTHALATE | •Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1995 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • developmental - Delayed effects (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1973 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1986 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • cancer - blood tumors (rat TD) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1974 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1980 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (guinea pig LD50) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (guinea pig LD50) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Withdrawal (guinea pig LD50) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya 1988 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man 1982 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1992 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • developmental - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology 1999 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of the American College of Toxicology 1992 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Other developmental abnormalities (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 9999 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetal death (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8398 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • cancer - blood tumors (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5346 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetal death (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Other effects (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Other effects on embryo (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Uterus, cervix, vagina (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 9999 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Litter size (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Other effects (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Other effects on embryo (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1014 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • cancer - gastrointestinal neoplasms (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1089 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • cancer - gastrointestinal tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo) • cancer - kidney or renal system tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1982 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • cancer - blood tumors (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1997 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Male fertility index (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Spermatogenesis (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (rat TDLo) • cancer - gastrointestinal tumors (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1997 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 1998 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Other effects (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Central nervous system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Eye, ear (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) • developmental - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Cardiovascular (rat TDLo) • developmental - Delayed effects (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Endocrine system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Physical (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Respiratory system (rat TDLo) • developmental - Viability index (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2002 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetal death (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2003 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetal death (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (mouse TDLo) • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (mouse TDLo) • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2004 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Blood and lymphatic system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Central nervous system (rat TDLo) • developmental - Growth statistics (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Hepatobiliary system (rat TDLo) • developmental - Other developmental abnormalities (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 1994 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 1984 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2005 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Biochemical and metabolic (rat TDLo) • developmental - Delayed effects (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2001 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Urogenital system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2004 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Endocrine system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Industrial Health 1987 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • blood - Hemorrhage (rat TDLo) • kidney or renal system - Changes in bladder weight (rat TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Food intake (animal) (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology 1995 | BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Growth statistics (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | Illinois EPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Preliminary list of chemicals associated with endocrine system effects in animals and humans (*) or in vitro (+). In EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 2000. Handbook for Non-Cancer Health Effects Valuation, Appendix C. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1987 & 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products - Categorized List of Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients. |
| NTP - Risks to Human Reproduction | NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2006. NTP Center for the Evaluation fo Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). NTP-CERHR Reports and Monographs. |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | Colborn T, D Dumanoski, JP Myers. 2006. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. Updated from original listing in "Our Stolen Future" (1996). |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | OSPAR (Oslo-Paris). 2002. OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR. Place Published, OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environement of North-East Atlanic. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Open scientific literature | Wang JX, Xi YL, Hu K, Liu XB. Effect of butyl benzyl phthalate on life table-demography of two successive generations of cladoceran Moina macrocopa Straus. J Environ Biol. 2011 Jan;32(1):17-22. |
| Open scientific literature | Lyche JL, Gutleb AC, Bergman A, Eriksen GS, Murk AJ, Ropstad E, Saunders M, Skaare JU. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of phthalates. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2009 Apr;12(4):225-49. |
| Open scientific literature | Just AC, Whyatt RM, Perzanowski MS, Calafat AM, Perera FP, Goldstein IF, Chen Q, Rundle AG, Miller RL. Prenatal exposure to butylbenzyl phthalate and early eczema in an urban cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Oct;120(10):1475-80 |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | BKH/European Commission. Towards the establishment of a priority list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disruption: - preparation of a candidate list of substances as a basis for priority setting. Final report-November 2000. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/docum/01262_en.htm#bkh. Category 1 chemicals from Annex 1: Candidate list of 553 substances. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/docum/bkh_annex_01.pdf, Japanese National Institute of Health Sciences. Lists of Paradigmatic Chemicals. http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/endocrine-e/paradigm/paradigm.html, Keith, L.H. (ed.). Environmental Endocrine Disruptors. John Wiley & Sons, NY. 1997. http://www.wileyeurope.com/cda/product/0,,0471191450%7Cdesc%7C3037,00.html, World Wildlife Fund. Our Stolen Future. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Basics/chemlist.htm. The WWF list is derived from references detailed at http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Sources/chemsources.htm and was originally published in: Colborn, T., F.S. vom Saal, and A.M. Soto. Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals In Wildlife and Humans. Environmental Health Perspectives 101(5): 378-384. 1993. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction. National Toxicology Program. 10th Report on Carcinogens (2002). http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.htmlERHR Briefs and Expert Panel Reports. http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/ |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction. National Toxicology Program. 10th Report on Carcinogens (2002). http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.htmlERHR Briefs and Expert Panel Reports. http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/, Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html.-CAND |
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