National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Bromacil
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Bromacil is a general use herbicide used for brush control and perennial grasses, and for pineapple and citrus crops.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 5 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 13 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 207,869 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for Bromacil:
- Cancer
- Occupational hazards
- Ecotoxicology
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
Bromacil Exposure by State
Water utilities in 5 states have reported detecting Bromacil in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Bromacil contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| Iowa | 1 | 124,488 |
| Texas | 5 | 65,633 |
| Alaska | 1 | 12,000 |
| Washington | 5 | 5,648 |
| California | 1 | 100 |
| Total | 13 | 207,869 |
The Most Polluted Communities
13 water utilities reported detecting Bromacil in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Bromacil level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Town & Country Water Company Bakersfield, CA | 100 | 1 of 1 | 1.5 ppb (1.5 ppb) |
| 2 | Pleasant Hill Terrace Subdivision Kelso, WA | 30 | 2 of 2 | 1.2 ppb (1 to 1.4 ppb) |
| 3 | City of Edmonson Edmonson, TX | 150 | 1 of 1 | 0.49 ppb (0.49 ppb) |
| 4 | Basin Water Sources Inc Moses Lake, WA | 668 | 3 of 4 | 0.25 ppb (0 to 0.55 ppb) |
| 5 | City of Oroville Oroville, WA | 2,260 | 1 of 1 | 0.2 ppb (0.2 ppb) |
| 6 | Cedar Rapids Water Department Cedar Rapi, IA | 124,488 | 1 of 1 | 0.2 ppb (0.2 ppb) |
| 7 | Terrells Mobile Home Park Lubbock, TX | 50 | 1 of 1 | 0.14 ppb (0.14 ppb) |
| 8 | Mesa Water Department Mesa, WA | 440 | 1 of 2 | 0.1 ppb (0 to 0.2 ppb) |
| 9 | FT Wainwright / Wtr Trtmt Plt Ft Wainwright, AK | 12,000 | 1 of 4 | 0.05 ppb (0 to 0.2 ppb) |
| 10 | Castle Rock Municipal Water Castle Rock, WA | 2,250 | 1 of 2 | 0.04 ppb (0 to 0.08 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Bromacil
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Lifetime health-based limit, non-cancer risk | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for a lifetime of exposure. The Lifetime health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is based on exposure for a a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 70 ppb |
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 70 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 3500 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 5000 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 5000 ppb |
Testing Summary for Bromacil
| Are tests routinely required for Bromacil by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Bromacil (2004-2009): | 4,395 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.4 per year |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8973 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | 2,4(1H,3H)-PYRIMIDINEDIONE, 5-BROMO-6-METHYL-3-(1-METHYLPROPYL)- | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | URACIL, 5-BROMO-3-SEC-BUTYL-6-METHYL- | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes 1980 | URACIL, 5-BROMO-3-SEC-BUTYL-6-METHYL- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | URACIL, 5-BROMO-3-SEC-BUTYL-6-METHYL- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Neurospora crassa ) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8973 | URACIL, 5-BROMO-3-SEC-BUTYL-6-METHYL- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes 1980 | RTECS®- Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.B11- 15,867,1980 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 167,35,1986 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 8973 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. PB84-138973 |
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