National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Benzo[a]anthracene
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Benzo[a]anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) released from combustion of fossil fuels and waste incinerators.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 4 |
4 |
- |
| Water utilities | 5 |
4 |
- |
| People Served | 621,527 |
421,527 |
- |
Health Concerns for Benzo[a]anthracene:
Benzo[a]anthracene Exposure by State
Water utilities in 4 states have reported detecting Benzo[a]anthracene in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Benzo[a]anthracene contamination | Water suppliers reporting Benzo[a]anthracene above health-based limits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | Systems | Population | |
| New Jersey | 1 | 217,230 | 1 | 217,230 |
| Delaware | 1 | 201,000 | 1 | 201,000 |
| California | 2 | 202,772 | 1 | 2,772 |
| Texas | 1 | 525 | 1 | 525 |
| Total | 5 | 621,527 | 4 | 421,527 |
The Most Polluted Communities
5 water utilities reported detecting Benzo[a]anthracene in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Benzo[a]anthracene level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lost Hills Utility District Lost Hills, CA | 2,772 | 1 of 2 | 0.15 ppb (0 to 0.3 ppb) |
| 2 | NJ American Water Company Shorthills, NJ | 217,230 | 1 of 1 | 0.13 ppb (0.13 ppb) |
| 3 | West Houston Mobile Home Comm Houston, TX | 525 | 1 of 1 | 0.06 ppb (0.06 ppb) |
| 4 | Artesian Water Company Newark, DE | 201,000 | 1 of 73 | < 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.67 ppb) |
| 5 | Glendale-City, Water Dept. Glendale, CA | 200,000 | 1 of 38 | < 0.01 ppb (< .01 to 0.0005 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Benzo[a]anthracene
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| EPA Human Health Water Quality Criteria | Water quality criteria set by the US EPA provide guidance for states and tribes authorized to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act (CWA) to protect human health. These are non-enforceable standards based upon exposure by both drinking water and the contribution of water contamination to other consumed foods. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | <0.01 ppb |
Testing Summary for Benzo[a]anthracene
| Are tests routinely required for Benzo[a]anthracene by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Benzo[a]anthracene (2004-2009): | 2,564 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.4 per year |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human carcinogen | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Possible human carcinogen | Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens |
| Possible human carcinogen | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) |
| Possible human carcinogen | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Cancer - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1988 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 1987 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Research 1978 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Research 1982 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science 1982 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Research 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1981 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1981 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Tokyo Jikeikai Ika Daigaku Zasshi 1986 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1982 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1979 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1972 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Acta Morphologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 1979 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- International Journal of Cancer 1972 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1978 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Toxicology 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology 1971 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1990 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1979 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1979 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Toxicology 2004 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2007 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2004 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2008 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1987 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Research 1981 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1977 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Research 1973 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1990 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1975 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2004 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2005 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2007 |
| One or more in vitro tests on microorganisms show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 |
| One or more in vitro tests on microorganisms show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Biochemical Journal 1968 |
| One or more in vitro tests on microorganisms show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 1984 |
| One or more in vitro tests on microorganisms show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 1987 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife and humans | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Great Lakes BTS (Binational Toxics Strategy) PBTs |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | EPA PBTs - Waste Minimization Program (RCRA) |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human disruptor - moderate evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
| Limited evidence of wildlife and the environment disruption | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE | •May cause cancer •May cause cancer •Dangerous for the environment •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE | •Suspected human carcinogen (ACGIH classification A2) |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE | •Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE | •IARC Group 2B: possible human carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Carcinogens) |
| Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants | BENZOANTHRACENE | Obligates Parties to reduce emissions under Aahrus Protocol for Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | BENZOANTHRACENE | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant under Canada's Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics program - targeted for elimination or reduction |
| Great Lakes BTS (Binational Toxics Strategy) PBTs | BENZOANTHRACENE | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Great Lakes Binational Strategy, Tier 2 concern (moderate), targeting for monitoring/testing |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | BENZOANTHRACENE | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | BENZOANTHRACENE | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - targeted for waste reporting under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| EPA PBTs - Waste Minimization Program (RCRA) | BENZOANTHRACENE | •Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, priority chemical for voluntary waste/emission reductions |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE | •Group B2: Probable human carcinogen - sufficient data in animals (EPA classification) |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE | •Carcinogen: California Proposition 65 |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | •Cancer hazards: recognized |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | HH-CAT2;WF-CAT2 |
| RTECS®- Acta Morphologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 1979 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ipr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (hamster ipr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: sperm (hamster orl) |
| RTECS®- Biochemical Journal 1968 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (salmon tes) |
| RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology 1971 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1978 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster kdy) |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1979 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1990 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (hamster oth) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1973 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (Drosophila melanogaster par) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1978 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis ( human hla) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1980 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1981 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Phage Inhibition Capacity (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1982 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (mouse skn) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1980 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1972 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (mouse oth) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 1987 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (other fish oth) |
| RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science 1982 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1975 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster par) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1981 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (rat lvr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1982 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse emb) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 1984 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (other fish lvr) |
| RTECS®- International Journal of Cancer 1972 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1979 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Host-mediated Assay (mouse ) |
| RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1979 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (mouse lvr) |
| RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1980 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse oth) |
| RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1981 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (rat emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2005 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1987 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1990 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA repair (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (non-mammalian species mul) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (rat itr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (rat itr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (rat itr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1977 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2004 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human fbr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2004 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse skn) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2007 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (rat lvr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2007 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2008 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1979 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (rat lvr) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1977 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (other micro-organisms ) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1988 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Tokyo Jikeikai Ika Daigaku Zasshi 1986 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology 1980 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology 2004 | BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test ( human lvr) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) 2008. ACGIH cancer classification system. www.acgih.org. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation." |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants | Aarhus LRTAP. 1998. Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Geneva Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, United Nations Environment Program. |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals. |
| Great Lakes BTS (Binational Toxics Strategy) PBTs | Great Lakes BTS (Binational Toxics Strategy). 1997. Canada-United States Strategy for the Virtual Elimination of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes. Appendix I - Level 1 and Level 2 substances. |
| OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern | OSPAR (Oslo-Paris). 2002. OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern. Secondary OSPAR. Place Published, OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environement of North-East Atlanic. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| EPA PBTs - Waste Minimization Program (RCRA) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Resource Conservatin and Recovery Act (RCRA) Waste Minimization Program - priority chemicals for elimination or reduction. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| RTECS®- Acta Morphologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 1979 | RTECS®- Acta Morphologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. (Budapest, Hungary) V.1-30, 1951-82. 27,199,1979 |
| RTECS®- Biochemical Journal 1968 | RTECS®- Biochemical Journal. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 110,159,1968 |
| RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology 1971 | RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 20,1297,1971 |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1978 | RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 37,873,1978 |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1979 | RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 39,540,1979 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1990 | RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 53,163,1990 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1973 | RTECS®- Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 33,2354,1973 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1978 | RTECS®- Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 38,2621,1978 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1980 | RTECS®- Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 40,1157,1980 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1981 | RTECS®- Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 41,532,1981 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1982 | RTECS®- Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 42,3676,1982 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 5,231,1984 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 5,747,1984 |
| RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens 1980 | RTECS®- Chemical Mutagens. Principles and Methods for Their Detection. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 6,1,1980 |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1972 | RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 4,389,1971/1972 |
| RTECS®- Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 1987 | RTECS®- Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.74- 86,399,1987 |
| RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science 1982 | RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science. (Elsevier Science, New York, NY) V.1-15, 1977-87. Discontinued 10,277,1982 |
| RTECS®- Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1975 | RTECS®- Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology. (Egyptian Soc. of Genetics, c/o Alexandria Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Genetics, Alexandria, Egypt) V.1- 4,400,1975 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 12(Suppl 13),103,1988 |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1981 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 3,11,1981 |
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