National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
Alachlor (Lasso)
Status: Regulated - EPA has established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
Alachlor is a widely-used herbicide applied to corn, soy and sorghum; it is carcinogenic to animals and potentially carcinogenic in people. [read more]
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 15 |
15 |
- |
| Water utilities | 41 |
41 |
- |
| People Served | 2,207,130 |
2,207,130 |
- |
Health Concerns for Alachlor (Lasso):
- Allergies/immunotoxicity
- Cancer
- Endocrine disruption
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Occupational hazards
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Ecotoxicology
- Multiple, additive exposure sources
Alachlor (Lasso) Exposure by State
Water utilities in 15 states have reported detecting Alachlor (Lasso) in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with Alachlor (Lasso) contamination | Water suppliers reporting Alachlor (Lasso) above health-based limits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | Systems | Population | |
| Pennsylvania | 2 | 1,600,040 | 2 | 1,600,040 |
| Delaware | 5 | 203,706 | 5 | 203,706 |
| Ohio | 8 | 156,731 | 8 | 156,731 |
| California | 2 | 110,848 | 2 | 110,848 |
| Maryland | 4 | 51,526 | 4 | 51,526 |
| Texas | 6 | 50,470 | 6 | 50,470 |
| Nebraska | 3 | 15,087 | 3 | 15,087 |
| Florida | 1 | 9,445 | 1 | 9,445 |
| Wisconsin | 3 | 3,128 | 3 | 3,128 |
| Illinois | 1 | 2,900 | 1 | 2,900 |
| Iowa | 1 | 2,023 | 1 | 2,023 |
| New York | 1 | 800 | 1 | 800 |
| Indiana | 2 | 226 | 2 | 226 |
| North Carolina | 1 | 108 | 1 | 108 |
| Connecticut | 1 | 92 | 1 | 92 |
| Total | 41 | 2,207,130 | 41 | 2,207,130 |
The Most Polluted Communities
41 water utilities reported detecting Alachlor (Lasso) in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average Alachlor (Lasso) level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keenhold Assoc Water Sys PA | 40 | 1 of 1 | 2 ppb (2 ppb) |
| 2 | Hilltop Court Mobile Homes River Falls, WI | 64 | 4 of 4 | 0.32 ppb (0.25 to 0.43 ppb) |
| 3 | Lodi Waterworks Lodi, WI | 3,006 | 10 of 10 | 0.3 ppb (0.2 to 0.4 ppb) |
| 4 | City of Taylor Taylor, TX | 15,197 | 1 of 2 | 0.28 ppb (0 to 0.55 ppb) |
| 5 | Ubc - Timber Roots Mtd, Plant #741 Brownsville, WI | 58 | 4 of 4 | 0.2 ppb (0.1 to 0.3 ppb) |
| 6 | Lynn Hill Court Monticello, IN | 112 | 2 of 2 | 0.15 ppb (0.1 to 0.2 ppb) |
| 7 | Scwa, Lantern Hill Division (Lnh) Gales Ferry, CT | 92 | 1 of 4 | 0.13 ppb (0 to 0.51 ppb) |
| 8 | City of Cameron Cameron, TX | 5,635 | 2 of 12 | 0.12 ppb (0 to 0.88 ppb) |
| 9 | City of Thrall Thrall, TX | 837 | 1 of 4 | 0.12 ppb (0 to 0.48 ppb) |
| 10 | Meadows AT Cubbage Pond Milford, DE | 201 | 4 of 14 | 0.1 ppb (0 to 0.6 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for Alachlor (Lasso)
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Contaminant Limit Goal (MCLG) | A non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 ppb |
| One in one million (10-6) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0.4 ppb |
| Maximum Contaminant Limit (MCL) | The enforceable standard which defines the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to health-based limits (Maximum Contaminant Level Goals, or MCLGs) as feasible using the best available analytical and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideration. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 2 ppb |
| California Public Health Goals | Defined by the State of California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) as the level of contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. For acutely toxic substances, levels are set at which scientific evidence indicates that no known or anticipated adverse effects on health will occur, plus an adequate margin-of safety. PHGs for carcinogens or other substances which can cause chronic disease shall be based solely on health effects without regard to cost impacts and shall be set at levels which OEHHA has determined do not pose any significant risk to health. | 4 ppb |
| One in ten thousand (10-4) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 40 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 100 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 100 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 400 ppb |
Testing Summary for Alachlor (Lasso)
| Are tests routinely required for Alachlor (Lasso) by federal law? | Yes |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for Alachlor (Lasso) (2004-2009): | 22,856 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.4 per year |
Violation Summary for Alachlor (Lasso)
Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency includes the following violations of federal standards for Alachlor (Lasso) since 2004
| Maximum Contaminant Level Exceedance Violations | 0 |
| Monitoring Violations | 1,882 |
| Reporting Violations | 0 |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Known human immune system toxicant or allergen | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | European Economic Community |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human carcinogen | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Cancer - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens |
| Cancer - moderate evidence - hematologic | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Cancer - moderate evidence - gastrointestinal | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Cancer - limited evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1992 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1983 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1999 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1987 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane 1986 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Journal of Agricultural Science 1985 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1992 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984 |
Endocrine disruption
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human disruptor - strong evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
| Limited evidence of wildlife and the environment disruption | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
| Limited evidence of endocrine disruption | BKH/European Commission, 2000 |
| endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human reproductive toxicant - moderate evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | US EPA, 1788 |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Classified as toxic or harmful | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity | European Economic Community |
| Limited evidence of cardiovascular or blood toxicity | US EPA, 1788 |
| Limited evidence of kidney toxicity | US EPA, 1788 |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Water Framework Directive |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Food Additive Status |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | ALACHLOR | •Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect •Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect •Harmful •Harmful if swallowed •May cause sensitization by skin contact •Dangerous for the environment •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | ALACHLOR | •Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (ACGIH classification A3) |
| FDA Food Additive Status | ALACHLOR | • Food additive: food additive for which a petition has been filed and a regulation issued • Residues in or on agricultural commodities - 40CFR 180.249 |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | ALACHLOR | •EPA: probable endocrine disruptor |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | ALACHLOR | HH-CAT1;WF-CAT2 |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | ALACHLOR | •Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products |
| European Union - Water Framework Directive | ALACHLOR | •Priority substance in EU water policy |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | ALACHLOR | •Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin or lungs: Yes; |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | ALACHLOR | Thyroid (decrease of thyroid hormone levels; increase in TSH) |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | ALACHLOR | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | ALACHLOR | •Carcinogen: California Proposition 65 |
| BKH/European Commission, 2000 | ALACHLOR | •Endocrine toxicity hazards: suspected |
| European Economic Community | ALACHLOR | •Immunotoxicity hazards: suspected |
| European Economic Community | ALACHLOR | •Skin or sense organ toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 1788 | ALACHLOR | •Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 1788 | ALACHLOR | •Cardiovascular or blood toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 1788 | ALACHLOR | •Kidney toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | ALACHLOR | •Cancer hazards: recognized |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | ALACHLOR | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1992 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Agricultural Science 1985 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (other micro-organisms ) |
| RTECS®- Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane 1986 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1983 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Gene Conversion and Mitotic Recombination (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1987 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1992 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test ( human lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1999 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 | ALACHLOR | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat orl) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) 2008. ACGIH cancer classification system. www.acgih.org. |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System | Illinois EPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Preliminary list of chemicals associated with endocrine system effects in animals and humans (*) or in vitro (+). In EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 2000. Handbook for Non-Cancer Health Effects Valuation, Appendix C. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation." |
| European Union - Water Framework Directive | EU (European Union). 2000. Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC ) - integrated river basin management for Europe. List of priority substances. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | Colborn T, D Dumanoski, JP Myers. 2006. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. Updated from original listing in "Our Stolen Future" (1996). |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | BKH/European Commission. Towards the establishment of a priority list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disruption: - preparation of a candidate list of substances as a basis for priority setting. Final report-November 2000. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/docum/01262_en.htm#bkh. Category 1 chemicals from Annex 1: Candidate list of 553 substances. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/docum/bkh_annex_01.pdf, Illinois EPA. Endocrine Disruptors Strategy. 1997. (Table 1: Preliminary List of Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System Effects in Animals and Humans or In Vitro). http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/environ/illiepatable.htm, Japanese National Institute of Health Sciences. Lists of Paradigmatic Chemicals. http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/endocrine-e/paradigm/paradigm.html, Keith, L.H. (ed.). Environmental Endocrine Disruptors. John Wiley & Sons, NY. 1997. http://www.wileyeurope.com/cda/product/0,,0471191450%7Cdesc%7C3037,00.html, World Wildlife Fund. Our Stolen Future. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Basics/chemlist.htm. The WWF list is derived from references detailed at http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/Sources/chemsources.htm and was originally published in: Colborn, T., F.S. vom Saal, and A.M. Soto. Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals In Wildlife and Humans. Environmental Health Perspectives 101(5): 378-384. 1993. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | European Economic Community. Sensitizing Substances in the EEC List of Dangerous Substances. Annex I to Council Directive 67/548/EEC. http://www.kemi.se/default_eng.cfm?page=klass_mark/klasshem_eng.htm, A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases. Browse Haz-Map by Adverse Effects http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/hazmapadv.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | European Economic Community. Sensitizing Substances in the EEC List of Dangerous Substances. Annex I to Council Directive 67/548/EEC. http://www.kemi.se/default_eng.cfm?page=klass_mark/klasshem_eng.htm, A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases. Browse Haz-Map by Adverse Effects http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/hazmapadv.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1992 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 19,77,1992 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Agricultural Science 1985 | RTECS®- Journal of Agricultural Science. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 32 E. 57th St., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 104,571,1985 |
| RTECS®- Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane 1986 | RTECS®- Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane. Hygiene and Sanitation. (Hemus, Blvd. Russki 6, Sofia, Bulgaria) V.9- 29(1),26,1986 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1983 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 116,341,1983 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 136,233,1984 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1987 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 188,241,1987 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1992 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 280,291,1992 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 344,41,1995 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 395,159,1997 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 441,95,1999 |
| RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V 1999 | RTECS®- Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, 49,202,1999 |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 | RTECS®- Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- 72(Supp 1),228,2003 |
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