National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
2,6-Dinitrotoluene is a chemical intermediate in the production of other industrial chemicals, dyes, explosives and propellants.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 1 |
- |
- |
| Water utilities | 1 |
- |
- |
| People Served | 4,100 |
- |
- |
Health Concerns for 2,6-Dinitrotoluene:
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Cancer
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Occupational hazards
- Ecotoxicology
- Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
2,6-Dinitrotoluene Exposure by State
Water utilities in 1 states have reported detecting 2,6-Dinitrotoluene in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with 2,6-Dinitrotoluene contamination | |
|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | |
| Missouri | 1 | 4,100 |
| Total | 1 | 4,100 |
The Most Polluted Communities
1 water utilities reported detecting 2,6-Dinitrotoluene in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average 2,6-Dinitrotoluene level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Butler Butler, MO | 4,100 | 1 of 3 | < 0.01 ppb (< .01 to 0.0045 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| One in one million (10-6) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0.05 ppb |
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 0.05 ppb-5 ppb |
| One in ten thousand (10-4) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 5 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 40 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 400 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 400 ppb |
Testing Summary for 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
| Are tests routinely required for 2,6-Dinitrotoluene by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (2004-2009): | 608 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.4 per year |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Human reproductive toxicant - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Possible human reproductive or developmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Possible human carcinogen | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Possible human carcinogen | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Cancer - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens |
| Possible carcinogen | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Possible mutagen | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Mutagen - limited evidence | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1986 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1983 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Personal Communication from J 1982 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1991 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1982 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1990 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science 1977 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Sangyo Igaku 1987 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Classified as a high human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as toxic or harmful | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of cardiovascular or blood toxicity | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of occupational hazards | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •May cause cancer •May cause cancer •Limited evidence of mutagenic effect •Possible risk of irreversible effects •Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity •Possible risk of impaired fertility •Toxic •Toxic by inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion •Harmful •Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed •Harmful to aquatic organisms |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | DINITROTOLUENE, 2,4 AND 2,6 | •Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (ACGIH classification A3) |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •IARC Group 2B: possible human carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Carcinogens) |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | 2METHYL1,3DINITROBENZENE | •Toxicant of concern under Canada's Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics program - targeted for elimination or reduction |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | 2METHYL1,3DINITROBENZENE | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •Carcinogen: California Proposition 65 |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •Cardiovascular or blood toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •Cancer hazards: recognized |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: recognized |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | BENZENE, 2-METHYL-1,3-DINITRO- | •This chemical was deemed a high human health priority and was flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic, genotoxic, developmental and reproductive toxin, and persistent. |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1990 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: body fluid assay (rat ) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1982 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (mouse skn) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1986 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1991 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (rat ipr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (rat oth) |
| RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science 1977 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat tes) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1983 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (rat orl) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct (rat ipr) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Personal Communication from J 1982 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat lvr) |
| RTECS®- Sangyo Igaku 1987 | 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) 2008. ACGIH cancer classification system. www.acgih.org. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics | EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation." |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1990 | RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 52,13,1990 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1982 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 3,241,1982 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1984 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 5,231,1984 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1986 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 7,1797,1986 |
| RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1991 | RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology. (Princeton Scientific Pub., Inc., 301 N. Harrison St., CN 5279, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 7,111,1991 |
| RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science 1977 | RTECS®- Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science. (Elsevier Science, New York, NY) V.1-15, 1977-87. Discontinued 2,249,1977 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 44,179,2004 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1983 | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 11,555,1983 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 301,79,1993 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. AD-A062-015 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. AD-B011-150 |
| RTECS®- Personal Communication from J 1982 | RTECS®- Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982 26OCT1982 |
| RTECS®- Sangyo Igaku 1987 | RTECS®- Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 29,34,1987 |
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