National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
1,3-Dichloropropene
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
1,3-Dichloropropene is used in chemical synthesis, in agriculture as a soil fumigant and nematocide, and as a corrosion inhibition agent.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 3 |
3 |
- |
| Water utilities | 10 |
9 |
- |
| People Served | 627,042 |
236,692 |
- |
Health Concerns for 1,3-Dichloropropene:
- Cancer
- Allergies/immunotoxicity
- Occupational hazards
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
- Developmental/reproductive toxicity
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Ecotoxicology
1,3-Dichloropropene Exposure by State
Water utilities in 3 states have reported detecting 1,3-Dichloropropene in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with 1,3-Dichloropropene contamination | Water suppliers reporting 1,3-Dichloropropene above health-based limits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | Systems | Population | |
| California | 7 | 618,136 | 6 | 227,786 |
| Indiana | 1 | 6,263 | 1 | 6,263 |
| North Carolina | 2 | 2,643 | 2 | 2,643 |
| Total | 10 | 627,042 | 9 | 236,692 |
The Most Polluted Communities
10 water utilities reported detecting 1,3-Dichloropropene in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average 1,3-Dichloropropene level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | San Gabriel Valley WC - Fontana Fontana, CA | 102,599 | 1 of 66 | 1.97 ppb (0 to 130 ppb) |
| 2 | Town of White Lake White Lake, NC | 2,500 | 1 of 3 | 0.47 ppb (0 to 1.4 ppb) |
| 3 | Sandy Mush Detention Center Merced, CA | 779 | 1 of 4 | 0.44 ppb (0 to 1.75 ppb) |
| 4 | Walnut Park Mutual Water Co. Huntington Park, CA | 18,000 | 1 of 15 | 0.33 ppb (0 to 5 ppb) |
| 5 | Rensselaer Water Department Rensselaer, IN | 6,263 | 1 of 19 | 0.18 ppb (0 to 3.5 ppb) |
| 6 | Ridgebrook Bluff S/D Apex, NC | 143 | 1 of 14 | 0.1 ppb (0 to 1.4 ppb) |
| 7 | Montara Water and Sanitary District Montara, CA | 5,412 | 1 of 25 | < 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.21 ppb) |
| 8 | Monterey Park-City, Water Dept. Monterey Park, CA | 57,000 | 15 of 318 | < 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.41 ppb) |
| 9 | Calam - Parkway Sacramento, CA | 43,996 | 1 of 105 | < 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.7 ppb) |
| 10 | City of Fresno Water Division Fresno, CA | 390,350 | 1 of 384 | < 0.01 ppb (0 to 0.13 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for 1,3-Dichloropropene
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| California Public Health Goals | Defined by the State of California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) as the level of contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. For acutely toxic substances, levels are set at which scientific evidence indicates that no known or anticipated adverse effects on health will occur, plus an adequate margin-of safety. PHGs for carcinogens or other substances which can cause chronic disease shall be based solely on health effects without regard to cost impacts and shall be set at levels which OEHHA has determined do not pose any significant risk to health. | 0.2 ppb |
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 0.3 ppb-30 ppb |
| One in one million (10-6) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0.4 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 30 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 30 ppb |
| EPA Human Health Water Quality Criteria | Water quality criteria set by the US EPA provide guidance for states and tribes authorized to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act (CWA) to protect human health. These are non-enforceable standards based upon exposure by both drinking water and the contribution of water contamination to other consumed foods. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 35 ppb |
| One in ten thousand (10-4) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 40 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1000 ppb |
Testing Summary for 1,3-Dichloropropene
| Are tests routinely required for 1,3-Dichloropropene by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for 1,3-Dichloropropene (2004-2009): | 10,281 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.6 per year |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Cancer - strong evidence | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Science 1987 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1989 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1983 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1980 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | European Economic Community |
Occupational hazards
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | Frazier , L, 1998 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity | European Economic Community |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; [1] ; (Z)-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE [2] | •Harmful by inhalation •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (TECHNICAL GRADE) (DCP) | •Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (ACGIH classification A3) |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | 1,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE | •Toxicant of concern under Canada's Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics program - targeted for elimination or reduction |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | 1,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | •Respiratory toxicity hazards: suspected |
| European Economic Community | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | •Skin or sense organ toxicity hazards: suspected |
| European Economic Community | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | •Immunotoxicity hazards: suspected |
| Frazier , L, 1998 | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens | 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (MIXED ISOMERS) | •Cancer hazards: recognized |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1980 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1989 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1980 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1983 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Science 1987 | PROPENE, 1,3-DICHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) 2008. ACGIH cancer classification system. www.acgih.org. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center. Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/hapindex.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | European Economic Community. Sensitizing Substances in the EEC List of Dangerous Substances. Annex I to Council Directive 67/548/EEC. http://www.kemi.se/default_eng.cfm?page=klass_mark/klasshem_eng.htm, US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center. Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/hapindex.html, A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases. Browse Haz-Map by Adverse Effects http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/hazmapadv.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | European Economic Community. Sensitizing Substances in the EEC List of Dangerous Substances. Annex I to Council Directive 67/548/EEC. http://www.kemi.se/default_eng.cfm?page=klass_mark/klasshem_eng.htm, A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases. Browse Haz-Map by Adverse Effects http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/hazmapadv.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Frazier , L. and M. L. Hage (eds.). Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace, Wiley Europe, 1998. Table 10 (Partial List of Reproductive Toxicants) available at http://www.pharmacy.ohio-state.edu/homepage/safety/chemhygiene_table_repro.pdf. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1980 | RTECS®- Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology. (National Research Council of Canada, Publication Sales and Distribution, Ottawa ON K1A OR6, Canada) V.1- 22,681,1980 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1989 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 13,60,1989 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 44,329,2004 |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1980 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 2,59,1980 |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1983 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 5(Suppl 1),3,1983 |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 7,325,1985 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 203,81,1988 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 419,13,1998 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 572,98,2005 |
| RTECS®- Science 1987 | RTECS®- Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 236,933,1987 |
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