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National Drinking Water Database


National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)


Status: Regulated - EPA has established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is a persistent pesticide and groundwater contaminant associated with male sterility and severe reproductive toxicity; historically used as a soil fumigant on bananas and pineapples; banned by EPA in early 1980s. [read more]

 
Detected
Found above
health guidelines
Found above
legal limit
States
18
18
6
Water utilities
191
191
48
People Served
7,152,789
7,152,789
1,860,799

Health Concerns for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP):


1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) Exposure by State

Water utilities in 18 states have reported detecting 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.

StateWater Suppliers with 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) contaminationWater suppliers reporting 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) above health-based limits
SystemsPopulationSystemsPopulation
California1324,060,4791324,060,479
Florida121,262,030121,262,030
Arizona9704,7929704,792
Nebraska1506,4201506,420
Delaware3203,5223203,522
New Jersey1123,1741123,174
Hawaii462,198462,198
Massachusetts142,375142,375
North Carolina436,299436,299
Kentucky134,650134,650
New York830,850830,850
Arkansas429,405429,405
Maryland125,000125,000
Illinois420,372420,372
Connecticut210,432210,432
Wisconsin27002700
Virginia160160
Oregon131131
Total1917,152,7891917,152,789

The Most Polluted Communities

191 water utilities reported detecting 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies

Ranked by highest average 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) level

RankSystem Population Served Positive test results of total reported tests Average Level
(Range)
1Ridgedale Court
Calcium, NY		351 of 10.6 ppb
(0.6 ppb)
2Edgewood Trailer Park
Evans Mills, NY		1201 of 10.5 ppb
(0.5 ppb)
3Turin Village
Turin, NY		3502 of 20.5 ppb
(0.5 ppb)
4Deferiet Village
Deferiet, NY		3001 of 10.5 ppb
(0.5 ppb)
5Pamelia Town WD 5
Watertown, NY		1,0001 of 10.5 ppb
(0.5 ppb)
6Lyons Falls Village
Lyons Falls, NY		8501 of 10.5 ppb
(0.5 ppb)
7Lake Trailer Court
Calcium, NY		1951 of 10.5 ppb
(0.5 ppb)
8Son Shine Properties
Edison, CA		2504 of 40.33 ppb
(0.2 to 0.45 ppb)
9Family Tree Farms
Reedley, CA		2512 of 130.27 ppb
(0 to 0.39 ppb)
10Happy Acres
Merced, CA		245 of 80.26 ppb
(0 to 0.6 ppb)

Health Based Limits for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

StandardDescriptionLevel
Maximum Contaminant Limit Goal (MCLG)A non-enforceable health goal that is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.0 ppb
California Public Health GoalsDefined by the State of California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) as the level of contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. For acutely toxic substances, levels are set at which scientific evidence indicates that no known or anticipated adverse effects on health will occur, plus an adequate margin-of safety. PHGs for carcinogens or other substances which can cause chronic disease shall be based solely on health effects without regard to cost impacts and shall be set at levels which OEHHA has determined do not pose any significant risk to health.<0.01 ppb
One in one million (10-6) Cancer RiskThe concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.0.03 ppb
Maximum Contaminant Limit (MCL)The enforceable standard which defines the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to health-based limits (Maximum Contaminant Level Goals, or MCLGs) as feasible using the best available analytical and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideration. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.0.2 ppb
One in ten thousand (10-4) Cancer RiskThe concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.3 ppb
Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposureConcentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.50 ppb
Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposureConcentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.200 ppb

Testing Summary for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

Are tests routinely required for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) by federal law?Yes
Water suppliers reporting tests for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) (2004-2009):22,231 of 47,576
Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009):0.5 per year

Violation Summary for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency includes the following violations of federal standards for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) since 2004

Maximum Contaminant Level Exceedance Violations4
Monitoring Violations1,295
Reporting Violations0

Developmental/reproductive toxicity

Type of concern: Reference:
Known human reproductive toxicant European Union - Classification & Labelling
Possible human developmental toxicant California EPA Proposition 65
Human reproductive toxicant - strong evidence Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens
Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity European Union - Classification & Labelling
Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity National Library of Medicine HazMap
Limited evidence of developmental toxicity US EPA, 9204

Cancer

Type of concern: Reference:
Possible human carcinogen European Union - Classification & Labelling
Possible human carcinogen NTP Report on Carcinogens, 11th Edition
Possible human carcinogen NTP - Tumor Induction in Mammary Gland
Cancer - strong evidence Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens
Limited evidence of carcinogenicity Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens
Limited evidence of carcinogenicity NIOSH Occupational Carcinogens
Possible mutagen European Union - Classification & Labelling
One or more human case studies show possible cancer findings NTP - Tumor Induction in Mammary Gland
Cancer - limited evidence Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews Database
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1982
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1990
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1985
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Chemical Research in Toxicology 1991
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1989
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1979
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1987
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1979
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Science 1987
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1986
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Toxicology 1989
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1993
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Science of the Total Environment 1979
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1975
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Microbiology Series 1981
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1982
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Huanjing Kexue 1984
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004

Endocrine disruption

Type of concern: Reference:
Human disruptor - strong evidence European Commission on Endocrine Disruption
Limited evidence of endocrine disruption Illinois EPA, 1997
endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

Type of concern: Reference:
Known human respiratory toxicant EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants
Classified as toxic or harmful European Union - Classification & Labelling
Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity National Library of Medicine HazMap
Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center
Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center
Limited evidence of kidney toxicity Klaassen, C, 1996
Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity Lock, E, 1992
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1961
reproductive - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study National Library of Medicine HazMap

Occupational hazards

Type of concern: Reference:
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses European Union - Classification & Labelling

Persistence and bioaccumulation

Type of concern: Reference:
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET)

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)

Type of concern: Reference:
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1961

Ecotoxicology

Type of concern: Reference:
Wildlife and environmental toxicity European Union - Classification & Labelling
Wildlife and environmental toxicity Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System



Government, industry, academic studies and classifications

government/industry list/academic study appears on list as classification(s)
European Union - Classification & Labelling1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•May cause cancer
•May cause cancer
•May cause heritable genetic damage
•Known reproductive toxin
•May impair fertility
•Toxic
•Toxic if swallowed
•Harmful
•Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed
•Harmful to aquatic organisms
Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•EPA: known endocrine disruptor
European Commission on Endocrine DisruptionDIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)HH-CAT1;WF-CAT3b
European Union - Banned or Restricted in Cosmetics1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•Prohibited in EU cosmetics: must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products
EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•Hazardous air pollutant under Clean Air Act
National Library of Medicine HazMap1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male and female reproductive function: Yes;
•Restricted - Regulations that have banned or restricted the use of the agent: All uses except on pineapple plantations in Hawaii canceled in 1979; use on pineapples cancelled in 1985; See 29CFR1910.1044;;
•Hepatotoxin: Hepatotoxin, Secondary;
•PEL (OSHA) - Permissible exposure limit (OSHA): 0.001 ppm;
•IARC Carcinogen - International Agency for Research on Cancer; classifies chemicals as established (1), probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens: Possible Carcinogen;
Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•IARC Group 2B: possible human carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Carcinogens)
NIOSH Occupational Carcinogens1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Potential occupational carcinogen according to NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
NTP Report on Carcinogens, 11th Edition1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen (National Toxicology Program classification)
NTP - Tumor Induction in Mammary Gland1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•Induces mammary tumors (National Toxicology Program classification)
Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET)1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLORO-PROPANE•Toxicant of concern under Canada's Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics program - targeted for elimination or reduction
EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLORO-PROPANE•Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs
California EPA Proposition 651,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Reproductive toxin, male: California Proposition 65
US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Respiratory toxicity hazards: suspected
US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards: suspected
US EPA, 92041,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected
Illinois EPA, 19971,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Endocrine toxicity hazards: suspected
Klaassen, C, 19961,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Kidney toxicity hazards: suspected
Lock, E, 19921,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Skin or sense organ toxicity hazards: suspected
Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Cancer hazards: recognized
Proposition 65 List of Carcinogens1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP)•Reproductive toxicity hazards: recognized
Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews Database1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE•Chemicals Shown to Cause Mammary Gland Tumors in Animal Studies
RTECS®- Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19751,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA repair (Escherichia coli )
RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 19891,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat lvr)
RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 19851,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat ipr)
RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 19871,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (mouse lym)
• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster emb)
RTECS®- Chemical Research in Toxicology 19911,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat ipr)
RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 20041,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium )
RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 19821,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster ihl)
RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 19851,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium )
RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 19851,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Heritable Translocation Test (Drosophila melanogaster orl)
RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19861,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: sperm (rabbit orl)
RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 19931,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (rat orl)
RTECS®- Huanjing Kexue 19841,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster orl)
RTECS®- Microbiology Series 19811,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Bacillus subtilis )
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19841,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (Escherichia coli )
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19861,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (mouse ipr)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19881,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (rat ipr)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19901,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (rat orl)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19931,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rabbit oth)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19971,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19981,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse ipr)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19791,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (mouse ipr)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19801,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Dominant Lethal Strain (rat orl)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19801,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster lng)
• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster lng)
RTECS®- Mutation Research 19821,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition ( human hla)
RTECS®- Science of the Total Environment 19791,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium )
RTECS®- Science 19871,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr)
• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym)
• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr)
RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19611,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit )
• skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit )
RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19791,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (rat orl)
• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: sperm (rat orl)
RTECS®- Toxicology 19891,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE• mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (guinea pig ipr)



references

government/industry list/academic study reference
European Union - Classification & LabellingCPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP.
Illinois EPA Chemicals Associated with Endocrine SystemIllinois EPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Preliminary list of chemicals associated with endocrine system effects in animals and humans (*) or in vitro (+). In EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 2000. Handbook for Non-Cancer Health Effects Valuation, Appendix C.
European Commission on Endocrine DisruptionEU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998.
European Union - Banned or Restricted in CosmeticsEC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999-2006. Enterprise Directorate-General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation."
EPA Hazardous Air PollutantsEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. Office of Air. The 112(b)1 Hazardous Air Pollutants List (as modified). Last modified: 12 Dec 2005.
National Library of Medicine HazMapNLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents.
Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - CarcinogensIARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures).
NIOSH Occupational CarcinogensNIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 2006. NIOSH Carcinogens List (Potential occupational carcinogens). http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npotocca.html.
NTP Report on Carcinogens, 11th EditionNTP (National Toxicology Program). 2005. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
NTP - Tumor Induction in Mammary GlandNTP (National Toxicology Program) 2006. Chemicals Associated with Site-Specific Tumor Induction in Mammary Gland.
Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET)EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals.
EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTsEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule.
California EPA Proposition 65California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationUS EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center. Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/hapindex.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationUS EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center. Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/hapindex.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationUS EPA. Roadmaps to Sources of Information on Chemicals Listed in the Emergency Planning Community and Community Right-to-Know Act (Also Known as SARA Title 3), Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory (for Microcomputers). (Report Number EPADFDK92040). 1991. Data file distributed in 2 diskettes by Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. NOTE: Datasource no longer being maintained by EPA; not currently available online.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationIllinois EPA. Endocrine Disruptors Strategy. 1997. (Table 1: Preliminary List of Chemicals Associated with Endocrine System Effects in Animals and Humans or In Vitro). http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/environ/illiepatable.htm, Japanese National Institute of Health Sciences. Lists of Paradigmatic Chemicals. http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/endocrine-e/paradigm/paradigm.html, Keith, L.H. (ed.). Environmental Endocrine Disruptors. John Wiley & Sons, NY. 1997. http://www.wileyeurope.com/cda/product/0,,0471191450%7Cdesc%7C3037,00.html
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationKlaassen, C., M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th Ed. Pergamon Press, NY. 1996.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationLock, E.A., and E. Harpur. Toxicology of Sensory System: A Perspective. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 11(6): 442-448. 1992. (Table 1: Chemicals that induce olfactory lesions in experimental animals by either inhalation and/or non-inhalation routes)., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationProposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html.
Scorecard.org Toxicity InformationProposition 65 List of Carcinogens (July 2004) can be obtained from http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html.
Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews DatabaseRudel RA, KR Attfield, JN Schifano and JG Brody. Chemicals Causing Mammary Gland Tumors in Animals Signal New Directions for Epidemiology, Chemicals Testing, and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Prevention. CANCER Supplement. 2007 Jun 15;109(12):2635-2666.
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RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1982RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 4,681,1982
RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 7(Suppl 3),15,1985
RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1985RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 7,349,1985
RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1986RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2 6,628,1986
RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1993RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 12,41,1993
RTECS®- Huanjing Kexue 1984RTECS®- Huanjing Kexue. Environmental Sciences. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) 5(5),7,1984
RTECS®- Microbiology Series 1981RTECS®- Microbiology Series. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 5,93,1981
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1984RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 131,101,1984
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 174,145,1986
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 203,135,1988
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1990RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 234,129,1990
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 285,303,1993
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 389,3,1997
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1998RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 419,13,1998
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1979RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 68,169,1979
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 77,71,1980
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 78,177,1980
RTECS®- Mutation Research 1982RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 92,427,1982
RTECS®- Science of the Total Environment 1979RTECS®- Science of the Total Environment. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 11,223,1979
RTECS®- Science 1987RTECS®- Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 236,933,1987
RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1961RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 3,545,1961
RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1979RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 48,A46,1979
RTECS®- Toxicology 1989RTECS®- Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 58,133,1989

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