National Drinking Water Database
National Drinking Water Database - Chemical Contaminants
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Status: Unregulated - EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for this contaminant.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is a synthetic chemical used in metal degreasing and as an intermediate in industrial chemical production.
Detected |
Found above health guidelines |
Found above legal limit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| States | 11 |
3 |
- |
| Water utilities | 18 |
4 |
- |
| People Served | 577,594 |
28,723 |
- |
Health Concerns for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane:
- Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
- Cancer
- Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
- Ecotoxicology
- Persistence and bioaccumulation
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane Exposure by State
Water utilities in 11 states have reported detecting 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane in treated tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies.
| State | Water Suppliers with 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane contamination | Water suppliers reporting 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane above health-based limits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems | Population | Systems | Population | |
| New York | 7 | 16,455 | 2 | 13,550 |
| Massachusetts | 2 | 37,800 | 1 | 9,800 |
| Alabama | 1 | 5,373 | 1 | 5,373 |
| Florida | 1 | 307,076 | 0 | 0 |
| Delaware | 1 | 201,000 | 0 | 0 |
| North Carolina | 1 | 5,655 | 0 | 0 |
| Missouri | 1 | 2,779 | 0 | 0 |
| New Jersey | 1 | 960 | 0 | 0 |
| Virginia | 1 | 348 | 0 | 0 |
| Maine | 1 | 80 | 0 | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 1 | 68 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 18 | 577,594 | 4 | 28,723 |
The Most Polluted Communities
18 water utilities reported detecting 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane in tap water since 2004, according to EWG's analysis of water quality data supplied by state water agencies
Ranked by highest average 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane level
| Rank | System | Population Served | Positive test results of total reported tests | Average Level (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bridgeport Utilities Board Bridgeport, AL | 5,373 | 1 of 2 | 2.15 ppb (0 to 4.3 ppb) |
| 2 | Grafton Water District Grafton, MA | 9,800 | 2 of 19 | 0.75 ppb (0 to 14 ppb) |
| 3 | Bedford Hills/Taconic Corr. Facilities Bedford Hills, NY | 1,100 | 1 of 1 | 0.5 ppb (0.5 ppb) |
| 4 | Himrod Water District Penn Yan, NY | 80 | 1 of 2 | 0.25 ppb (0 to 0.5 ppb) |
| 5 | Foremost Farms Usa Cooperative Plover, WI | 68 | 1 of 1 | 0.22 ppb (0.22 ppb) |
| 6 | Town of Wadesboro Wadesboro, NC | 5,655 | 1 of 4 | 0.2 ppb (0 to 0.8 ppb) |
| 7 | Sunrise Bungalows Spring Valley, NY | 50 | 1 of 7 | 0.2 ppb (0 to 1.4 ppb) |
| 8 | Wild Oaks Water Company Rockport, NY | 805 | 1 of 3 | 0.17 ppb (0 to 0.5 ppb) |
| 9 | Mcwa, Genesee West Rochester, NY | 800 | 2 of 3 | 0.12 ppb (0 to 0.23 ppb) |
| 10 | Herrings Village Herrings, NY | 120 | 1 of 5 | 0.1 ppb (0 to 0.5 ppb) |
Health Based Limits for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
| Standard | Description | Level |
|---|---|---|
| One in one million (10-6) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1 ppb |
| Lifetime health-based limit, non-cancer risk | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for a lifetime of exposure. The Lifetime health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is based on exposure for a a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 70 ppb |
| Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 70 ppb |
| One in ten thousand (10-4) Cancer Risk | The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 100 ppb |
| Drinking Water Equivalent Level | A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1000 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 1-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 2000 ppb |
| Children's health-based limit for 10-day exposure | Concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse, noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day health-based limit (or Health Advisory, HA) is typically set to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 2000 ppb |
Testing Summary for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
| Are tests routinely required for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane by federal law? | No |
| Water suppliers reporting tests for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (2004-2009): | 21,426 of 47,576 |
| Average testing rate for water supplier reporting tests (2004-2009): | 0.6 per year |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale 1974 |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Cancer
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2006 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Science 1987 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 1987 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses | RTECS®- Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale 1974 |
Ecotoxicology
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Type of concern: | Reference: |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| RTECS®- Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale 1974 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) • skin - Primary skin irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Gene Conversion and Mitotic Recombination ( Aspergillis nidulans ) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( Aspergillis nidulans ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( human lng) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2006 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Science 1987 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (mouse lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 1987 | ETHANE, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO- | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| RTECS®- Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale 1974 | RTECS®- Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.7- 35,593,1974 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 12,85,1988 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 201,401,1988 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 343,157,1995 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 369,243,1996 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2006 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 602,14,2006 |
| RTECS®- Science 1987 | RTECS®- Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 236,933,1987 |
| RTECS®- Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 1987 | RTECS®- Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. (Gordon & Breach Science Pub. Inc., 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.3(3/4)- 15,101,1987 |
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