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Data: Limited

Sodium Levulinate

IMAGE SOURCE: PubChem

SEARCH PRODUCTS

Other Concerns

Enhanced skin absorption, Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)

SYNONYMS

● 4-OXO- SODIUM SALT PENTANOIC ACID
● PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO-, SODIUM SALT
● PENTANOIC ACID, 4OXO, SODIUM SALT
● SODIUM 4-OXOVALERATE
● SODIUM LEVULINATE
● SODIUM SALT PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO-

Restricted

Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation


Sodium Levulinate is a sodium salt of Levulinic Acid (q.v.).

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

  • LOW
    Cancer
  • LOW
    Allergies & Immunotoxicity
  • LOW
    Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
  • LOW
    Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

  • CONCERNS
  • DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

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facial moisturizer/treatment98 products
moisturizer59 products
facial cleanser45 products
mask41 products
serums & essences39 products
hand cream28 products
shampoo21 products
toners/astringents16 products
around-eye cream13 products
exfoliant/scrub13 products
makeup remover11 products
facial cleansing wipes11 products
blush11 products
body wash/cleanser9 products
mascara9 products
bronzer/highlighter8 products
conditioner7 products
baby lotion7 products
hair treatment/serum6 products
foundation6 products
baby wipes5 products
facial powder4 products
daily use with SPF4 products
anti-aging4 products
body firming lotion4 products
bubble bath3 products
baby shampoo3 products
liquid hand soap3 products
baby soap3 products
diaper cream2 products
hair styling aide2 products
skin fading/lightener2 products
sunless tanning2 products
2 products
makeup removing wipes2 products
recreational sunscreen2 products
antiperspirant/deodorant2 products
detangler1 products
foot moisturizer1 products
damaged skin treatment1 products
eye makeup remover1 products
exfoliant/scrub - large particle1 products
concealer1 products
after sun product1 products
shaving cream1 products
makeup primer1 products

Enhanced skin absorption

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Penetration enhancerOpen scientific literature

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Limited evidence of any irritationOpen scientific literature
Limited evidence of any irritationOpen scientific literature
One or more animal studies show any irritation at moderate dosesOpen scientific literature

Allergies/immunotoxicity

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Limited evidence of any toxicity or allergiesOpen scientific literature
One or more animal studies show any or allergenic effects at high dosesOpen scientific literature
Associated with immunotoxicity or allergiesOpen scientific literature

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Classified as toxic or harmful.Open scientific literature
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmfulEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Developmental/reproductive toxicity

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CONCERN REFERENCE
One or more animal studies show any effects at high dosesOpen scientific literature

Data gaps

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Safety assessment was based on related chemicalOpen scientific literature
214 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemicalNLM PubMed

Informational

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - anyOpen scientific literature

Ecotoxicology

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not suspected to be an environmental toxinEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Persistence and bioaccumulation

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not suspected to be persistentEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List
Not suspected to be bioaccumulativeEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List
  • Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
  • EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
  • NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED® mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Score legend

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

NONE LIMITED FAIR GOOD ROBUST
Low Availability
Moderate Availability
High Availability

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