| Score |  Data: Fair |
| CAS | 79-81-2 |
| facial moisturizer/ treatment (377 products) | |
| anti-aging (319 products) | |
| lipstick (304 products) | |
| moisturizer (252 products) | |
| foundation (169 products) | |
| Show all 2,911 products that contain RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE). | |
| how to read the score | |
 image source: PubChem |
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Function/use(s): Skin-Conditioning Agent - Miscellaneous; SKIN CONDITIONING
About RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE): Retinyl palmitate is an ingredient composed of palmitic acid and retinol (Vitamin A). When exposed to UV light, retinol compounds break down and produce toxic free radicals that can damage DNA and cau ... read more
Synonym(s): RETINYL PALMITATE, AXEROPHTHOL PALMITATE; RETINOL, HEXADECANOATE; RETINOL PALMITATE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; HEXADECANOATE RETINOL; AQUASOL A; AROVIT; OPTOVIT-A; RETINOL PALMITATE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE
Developmental/reproductive toxicity | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Known human reproductive toxicant | FDA, 1995 | |
| show more | ||
Use restrictions | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics | Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | |
Biochemical or cellular level changes | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease. | Xia Q, Yin JJ, Cherng SH, Wamer WG, Boudreau M, Howard PC, et al, 2006 | |
| Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease. | Cherng SH, Xia Q, Blankenship LR, Freeman JP, Wamer WG, Howard PC, et al, 2005 | |
Cancer | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at very low doses | NTP, 2010 | |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at very low doses | skin, lips | "Halliday GM, Robertson BO, Barnetson RSC, 2000 |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | NTP, 2000 | |
| show more | ||
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of skin toxicity | Kang S, Duell EA, Fisher GJ, Datta SC, Wang ZQ, Reddy AP, et al, 1995 | |
| show more | ||
Ecotoxicology | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Uncertain environmental toxin and uncertain persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | |
Enhanced skin absorption | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Absorbs into the skin | Boehnlein J, Sakr A, Lichtin JL, Bronaugh RL, 1994 | |
Multiple, additive exposure sources | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food | |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Food Additive Status | |
Persistence and bioaccumulation | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Data gaps | ||
|---|---|---|
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| 1,509 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed | |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications |
||
|---|---|---|
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Food Additive Status | VITAMIN A PALMITATE | • NUTR/DS • GRAS • GMP - CFR182.5936; 184.1930 |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | RETINYL PALMITATE | Restricted |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | RETINYL PALMITATE | QQQ01,QQQ11 |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | VITAMIN A PALMITATE | • ASP |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | RETINOL, HEXADECANOATE | ,,,,,U-AquaticTox,,,, |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | RETINOL, HEXADECANOATE | reported as used in fragrance compounds in 2008 |
| Mei N, Xia Q, Chen L, Moore MM, Fu PP, Chen T, 2005 | RETINYL PALMITATE | increased frequency of mutations in cell exposed to retinyl palmitate and UVA (synergistic effect) |
| Cherng SH, Xia Q, Blankenship LR, Freeman JP, Wamer WG, Howard PC, et al, 2005 | RETINYL PALMITATE | photoirradiation of retinyl palmitate by UVA light generates reactive oxygen species resulting in lipid peroxidation. |
| Yan J, Xia Q, Cherng SH, Wamer WG, Howard PC, Yu H, et al, 2005 | RETINYL PALMITATE | photoirradiation of retinyl palmitate with UVA light generates free radicals that initiate DNA strand cleavage |
| Xia Q, Yin JJ, Cherng SH, Wamer WG, Boudreau M, Howard PC, et al, 2006 | RETINYL PALMITATE | UVA irradiation of retinyl palmitate induces formation of reactive oxygen species |
| Boehnlein J, Sakr A, Lichtin JL, Bronaugh RL, 1994 | RETINYL PALMITATE | retinyl palmitate is absorbed into skin and converted to retinol |
| Duell EA, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, 1997 | RETINYL PALMITATE | topically applied retinyl palmitate induced epidermal hyperplasia in human skin |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | RETINYL ACETATE | Restricted |
| Kang S, Duell EA, Fisher GJ, Datta SC, Wang ZQ, Reddy AP, et al, 1995 | VITAMIN A | topically applied retinol induced epidermal hyperplasia in human skin |
| NTP, 2000 | RETINYL PALMITATE | retinyl palmitate nominated by FDA for photocarcinogenicity testing by the National Toxicology Panel |
| "Halliday GM, Robertson BO, Barnetson RSC, 2000 | RETINOIC ACID | Scientists found an increase in skin tumors in animals treated wtih retinoic acid in a study using a protocol to mimic human use of the ingredient. |
| Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkens MY, McDonald JT, Sundaresan PR, Wilkening VL, 1990 | RETINOL | Retinol is associated with birth defects at maternal intakes as low as 25,000 IU/day |
| FDA, 1995 | RETINOL | FDA has more recently recommended that women of child-bearing age limit their intake of retinol to 5000 IU (1.5 mg retinol)/day |
| NTP, 2010 | RETINYL PALMITATE | One-year study found higher rates and greater numbers of skin tumors and lesions on RP-treated animals exposed to 4 hours of sunlight daily |
Other RTECS® classifications [shown for informational purposes only] |
||
|---|---|---|
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| RTECS®- "Environmental Variables in Oral Disease; A Symposium Presented at the Montreal Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1964," Kreshover, S 1966 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Acta Anatomica 1981 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- AMA Archives of Pathology 1953 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Anatomical Record 1960 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Cardiovascular (mouse TDLo) • developmental - Urogenital system (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Anatomischer Anzeiger 1982 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Cytological changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Experimental Pathology 1976 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Japanese Journal of Genetics 1966 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Fetal death (rabbit TDLo) • reproductive - Musculoskeletal system (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 1973 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • developmental - Central nervous system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Eye, ear (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1964 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Central nervous system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1977 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Other measures of fertility (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Ovaries, fallopian tubes (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Uterus, cervix, vagina (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1982 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 1974 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Central nervous system (rat TDLo) • developmental - Craniofacial (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2004 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human fbr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human fbr) |
| RTECS®- Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2005 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 1991 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Behavioral (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Cardiovascular (monkey TDLo) • reproductive - Eye, ear (monkey TDLo) • developmental - Musculoskeletal system (monkey TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Senten Ijo 1974 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Fetal death (mouse TDLo) • developmental - Musculoskeletal system (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1974 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Behavioral (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1980 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Behavioral (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1981 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Craniofacial (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1983 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Eye, ear (mammal TDLo) • reproductive - Musculoskeletal system (mammal TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1987 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Craniofacial (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1974 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Voprosy Onkologii 1979 | RETINYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN A PALMITATE) | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (mouse LD50) • gastrointestinal - Hypermotility, diarrhea (mouse LD50) • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (mouse LD50) |
references |
||
|---|---|---|
| government/industry list/academic study | reference | |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. | |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | Health Canada. 2007. List of Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetic Ingredients. Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. March 2007. | |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC. | |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. | |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. | |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 | |
| Open scientific literature | Mei N, Xia Q, Chen L, Moore MM, Fu PP, Chen T. 2005. Photomutagenicity of retinyl palmitate by ultraviolet a irradiation in mouse lymphoma cells. Toxicol Sci 88(1): 142-9. | |
| Open scientific literature | Cherng SH, Xia Q, Blankenship LR, Freeman JP, Wamer WG, Howard PC, et al. 2005. Photodecomposition of retinyl palmitate in ethanol by UVA light-formation of photodecomposition products, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. Chem Res Toxicol 18(2): 129-38 | |
| Open scientific literature | Yan J, Xia Q, Cherng SH, Wamer WG, Howard PC, Yu H, et al. 2005. Photo-induced DNA damage and photocytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate and its photodecomposition products. Toxicol Ind Health 21(7-8): 167-75 | |
| Open scientific literature | Xia Q, Yin JJ, Cherng SH, Wamer WG, Boudreau M, Howard PC, et al. 2006. UVA photoirradiation of retinyl palmitate--formation of singlet oxygen and superoxide, and their role in induction of lipid peroxidation. Toxicol Lett 163(1): 30-43 | |
| Open scientific literature | Boehnlein J, Sakr A, Lichtin JL, Bronaugh RL. 1994. Characterization of esterase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in skin. Metabolism of retinyl palmitate to retinol (vitamin A) during percutaneous absorption. Pharm Res 11(8): 1155-9. | |
| Open scientific literature | Duell EA, Kang S, Voorhees JJ. 1997. Unoccluded retinol penetrates human skin in vivo more effectively than unoccluded retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid. J Invest Dermatol 109(3): 301-5. | |
| Open scientific literature | Kang S, Duell EA, Fisher GJ, Datta SC, Wang ZQ, Reddy AP, et al. 1995. Application of retinol to human skin in vivo induces epidermal hyperplasia and cellular retinoid binding proteins characteristic of retinoic acid but without measurable retinoic acid levels or irritation. J Invest Dermatol 105(4): 549-56. | |
| Open scientific literature | NTP. 2000. All-Trans-Retinyl Palmitate [CASRN 79-81-2]. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/Chem_Background/ExSumPdf/RetinylPalmitate.pdf | |
| Open scientific literature | "Halliday GM, Robertson BO, Barnetson RSC. 2000. Topical Retinoic Acid Enhances, and a Dark Tan Protects, from Subedemal Solar-Simulated Photocarcinogenesis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 114: 923-927." | |
| Open scientific literature | Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkens MY, McDonald JT, Sundaresan PR, Wilkening VL. 1990. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 52, 183–202. | |
| Open scientific literature | FDA, 1995. FDA Talk Paper: Vitamin A and Birth Defects. US Food and Drug Administration | |
| Open scientific literature | NTP. 2010. NTP Draft Technical Report on the Photococarcinogenesis Study of Retinoic Acid and Retinyl Palmitate [CAS Nos. 302-79-4 (All-Trans-Retinoic Acid) and 79-81-2 (All-Trans-Retinyl Palmitate)] in SKH-1 Mice (Simulated Solar Light And Topical Application Study). NIH Publication No. 11-5910 | |
| RTECS®- "Environmental Variables in Oral Disease; A Symposium Presented at the Montreal Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1964," Kreshover, S 1966 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- "Environmental Variables in Oral Disease; A Symposium Presented at the Montreal Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1964," Kreshover, S.J., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1966 -,273,1966 | |
| RTECS®- Acta Anatomica 1981 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Acta Anatomica. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1945- 109,89,1981 | |
| RTECS®- AMA Archives of Pathology 1953 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- AMA Archives of Pathology. (Chicago, IL) V.50(4)-69, 1950-60. For publisher information, see APLMAS. 56,333,1953 | |
| RTECS®- Anatomical Record 1960 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Anatomical Record. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1906/08- 136,219,1960 | |
| RTECS®- Anatomischer Anzeiger 1982 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176, Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886- 152,329,1982 | |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Experimental Pathology 1976 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- British Journal of Experimental Pathology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1920- 57,525,1976 | |
| RTECS®- Japanese Journal of Genetics 1966 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Japanese Journal of Genetics. Idengaku Zasshi. (Genetics Soc. of Japan, 111 Tanida, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan) V.1- 1921- 41,141,1966 | |
| RTECS®- Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 1973 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. (Essex, UK) V.1-98, 1953-86. For Publisher information, see DEVPED 30,219,1973 | |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1964 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- 144,429,1964 | |
| RTECS®- Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1977 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1960- 50,223,1977 | |
| RTECS®- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1982 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979- 6,652,1982 | |
| RTECS®- Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 1974 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. (Dept. of Anatomy, Medical College, Aurangabad 431 001, India) V.1- 1952- 23,89,1974 | |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2004 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 19,231,2004 | |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 58,317,1978 | |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1978 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 58,317,1978 | |
| RTECS®- Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2005 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987- 27,855,2005 | |
| RTECS®- Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 1991 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. (ANKHO International Inc., P.O. Box 426, Fayetteville, NY 13066) V.1- 1973- 38,739,1991 | |
| RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology 2000 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987- 14,311,2000 | |
| RTECS®- Senten Ijo 1974 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher information, see CGANE7. 14,13,1974 | |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1974 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 10,269,1974 | |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1980 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 21,25A,1980 | |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1981 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 23,115,1981 | |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1983 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 28,37A,1983 | |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1987 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 35,105,1987 | |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1974 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 9,191,1974 | |
| RTECS®- Voprosy Onkologii 1979 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955- 25(12),84,1979 | |
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