Government, industry, academic studies and classifications |
| government/industry list/academic study |
appears on list as |
classification(s) |
| FDA Food Additive Status | P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID | • MISC
• GRAS
• <30 mg per day |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | PABA | Prohibited |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID | • NUL |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | BENZOIC ACID, 4-AMINO- | ,,,,,,,,, |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID | IARC GROUP 3 |
| Allen, 1996 | PABA (PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID) | Produces damaging reactive oxygen species upon exposure to sunlight |
| Wang LH, Huang WS, Tai HM, 2007 | P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID | PABA and its metabolites were detected in the urine of volunteers who applied PABA-based sunscreens to their skin. |
| Mancel, E, 1999 | P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID | Allergy to sun filters is more frequent in populations which are suspected of photo-dermatosis (2 to 25%). |
| Mackie BS, Mackie LE, 1999 | PABA | PABA is a common sensitizer and tends to cross-sensitize with compounds of similar chemical structure both in contact with the skin and given as systemic drugs; continued exposure to chemicals of this type could lead to autoimmune responses especially sys |
Other RTECS® classifications [shown for informational purposes only] |
| government/industry list/academic study |
appears on list as |
classification(s) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Anatomy 1962 | PABA | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo)
|
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology, Supplement 1982 | PABA | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse ipr)
|
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology, Supplement 1982 | PABA | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse ipr)
|
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1942 | PABA | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50)
|
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1951 | PABA | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50)
|
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1985 | PABA | • blood - Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count (mammal TDLo)
• blood - Changes in leucocyte (WBC) count (mammal TDLo)
• liver - Other changes (mammal TDLo)
|
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1942 | PABA | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Muscle weakness (mouse LD50)
• brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (mouse LD50)
|
references |
| government/industry list/academic study
| reference
|
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | Health Canada. 2007. List of Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetic Ingredients. Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. March 2007. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| Open scientific literature | {Allen, 1996} |
| Open scientific literature | Wang LH, Huang WS, Tai HM. 2007. Simultaneous determination of p-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites in the urine of volunteers, treated with p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 43(4): 1430-1436. |
| Open scientific literature | Mancel, E., M. Drouet, et al. (1999). "[Allergy to sunscreens]." Allerg Immunol (Paris) 31(6): 195-9. |
| Open scientific literature | Mackie BS, Mackie LE. The PABA story. Australas J Dermatol. 1999 Feb;40(1):51-3. |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Anatomy 1962 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- American Journal of Anatomy. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1-192, 1901-91. 110,29,1962 |
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology, Supplement 1982 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978- 5,355,1982 |
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology, Supplement 1982 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 5,355,1982 |
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1942 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. 1,71,1942 |
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1951 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. 10,289,1951 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1985 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- 50(7),74,1985 |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1942 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- 49,184,1942 |
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