FD&C BLUE 1
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About the ratings
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any.
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Legal Disclaimer
Function/use(s): Colorant; HAIR DYEING
About FD&C BLUE 1: FD&C Blue 1 is a synthetic dye produced from petroleum; this dye is FDA-approved for use in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Synonym(s): BLUE 1, FD&C BLUE NO. 1; C.I. ACID BLUE 9, DISODIUM SALT; 1206 BLUE; ACID SKY BLUE A; AIZEN FOOD BLUE NO. 2; BLUE 1206; BLUE FCF; BRILLIANT BLUE FCD NO. 1; BRILLIANT BLUE FCF SUPRA; C.I. ACID BLUE 9, DISODIUM SALT; C.I. FOOD BLUE 2
This ingredient may be derived from animals. From PETA's Caring Consumer: Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivati ... read more
This ingredient may be derived from animals. From PETA's Caring Consumer: Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet.
Persistence and bioaccumulation |
| type of concern |
product conditions |
reference |
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| Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humans |
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Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
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| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative |
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Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| type of concern |
product conditions |
reference |
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| Classified as medium human health priority |
|
Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| show more |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) |
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EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful |
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Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | |
Cancer |
| type of concern |
product conditions |
reference |
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| Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen |
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Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens |
Data gaps |
| type of concern |
product conditions |
reference |
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| 352 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical
see search results ->
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PubMed |
Multiple, additive exposure sources |
| type of concern |
product conditions |
reference |
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| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food |
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FDA Everything Added to Food |
Ecotoxicology |
| type of concern |
product conditions |
reference |
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| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin |
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Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications |
| government/industry list/academic study |
appears on list as |
classification(s) |
| FDA Color Additive Status | FD&C BLUE 1 | Cosmetics: Y; Food: Y; Drugs: Y; Eye: Y |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FD&C BLUE NO. 1 | • ASP |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | BENZENEMETHANAMINIUM, N-ETHYL-N-[4-[[4-[ETHYL[( 3-SULFOPHENYL)METHYL]AMINO]PHENYL](2-SULFOPHENYL)METHYLENE ]-2,5-CYCLOHEXADIEN-1-YLIDENE]-3-SULFO-, HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT, DISODIUM SALT | ,,Moderate-Health Priority,Y-Persistent,,,,,, |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | BLUE 1 | Color Additives - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | BENZENEMETHANAMINIUM, N-ETHYL-N-[4-[[4-[ETHYL[(3-SULFOPHENYL)METHYL]AMINO]PHENYL](2-SULFOPHENYL)MET -HYLENE]-2,5-CYCLOHEXADIEN-1-YLIDENE]-3-SULFO-, INNER SALT, DISODIUM SALT | reported as used in fragrance compounds in 2008 |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | BRILLIANT BLUE FCF, DISODIUM SALT | IARC GROUP 3 |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | DISODIUM SALTBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM, N-ETHYL-N-[4-[[4-[ETHYL[(3-SULFOPHENYL)METHYL]AMINO]PHENYL](2-SULFOPHENYL)METHYLENE]-2,5-CYCLOHEXADIEN-1-YLIDENE]-3-SULFO-, INNER SALT | Toxic under the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory |
Other RTECS® classifications [shown for informational purposes only] |
| government/industry list/academic study |
appears on list as |
classification(s) |
| RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1966 | FD&C BLUE 1 | • mutagenic - blood tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo)
• cancer - gastrointestinal tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo)
• cancer - Tumors at site of application (rat TD)
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| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 | FD&C BLUE 1 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster lng)
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| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 | FD&C BLUE 1 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster lng)
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| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | FD&C BLUE 1 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human mmr)
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| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | FD&C BLUE 1 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human mmr)
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| RTECS®- Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung 1961 | FD&C BLUE 1 | • brain, nervous system, or behavioral effect - Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold (mouse LD50)
• cancer - Tumors at site of application (rat TDLo)
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references |
| government/industry list/academic study
| reference
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| FDA Color Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1966 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. (Rome, Italy) No.?-57, 1948-77. Discontinued. 38B,27,1966 |
| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971- 27,95,1981 |
| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 27,95,1981 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 588,47,2005 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 588,47,2005 |
| RTECS®- Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung 1961 [shown for informational purposes only] | RTECS®- Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-75, 1903-71. For publisher information, see JCROD7. 64,287,1961 |
"RTECS®" is a United States trademark owned and licensed under authority of the U.S. Government, by and through MDL Information Systems, Inc.
