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Mother's Milk: Appendix 2: Detailed study results
Results for individual participants (parts per billion PBDEs in breast milk lipid)
PBDE congener |
Participant's state of residence |
|||||||||||||||||||
CA1 |
CA2 |
CA3 |
CA4 |
CO |
DC |
FL |
GA |
MA |
MA |
MI1 |
MI2 |
MT1 |
MT2 |
MO |
OR |
TN |
TX |
VA |
WA |
|
3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.10 |
ND |
ND |
0.20 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
7 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.01 |
ND |
0.005 |
0.01 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.003 |
ND* |
0.04 |
0.02 |
ND |
0.003 |
ND |
ND |
8 + 11 |
ND |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND |
0.01 |
0.01 |
ND |
ND |
0.01 |
ND |
0.01 |
0.005 |
0.06 |
0.03 |
ND |
ND* |
ND |
ND |
12 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.01 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
13 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.01 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
15 |
0.40 |
1.17 |
1.86 |
0.36 |
0.83 |
0.31 |
0.42 |
0.93 |
0.41 |
0.29 |
0.85 |
0.22 |
0.32 |
0.75 |
17.70 |
1.04 |
0.19 |
0.49 |
0.30 |
0.45 |
17 |
0.03 |
0.09 |
0.06 |
0.03 |
0.14 |
0.04 |
0.08 |
0.11 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.16 |
0.04 |
0.09 |
0.08 |
0.46 |
0.47 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
25 |
0.004 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
0.002 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.004 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
ND |
0.01 |
ND* |
0.003 |
28 + 33 |
1.26 |
3.38 |
3.14 |
1.23 |
13.70 |
0.93 |
8.06 |
10.20 |
1.66 |
0.89 |
7.67 |
1.02 |
1.73 |
3.09 |
43.80 |
19.10 |
0.35 |
2.05 |
0.36 |
1.12 |
35 |
ND* |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND* |
ND |
ND |
0.02 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND* |
ND |
ND |
ND |
37 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
ND* |
0.08 |
0.01 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.06 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.40 |
0.18 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
47 |
14.60 |
30.80 |
22.20 |
10.80 |
130.00 |
11.60 |
111.00 |
104.00 |
20.40 |
15.70 |
116.00 |
17.90 |
30.70 |
50.10 |
589.00 |
379.00 |
5.53 |
27.40 |
5.56 |
6.51 |
49 |
0.14 |
0.40 |
0.21 |
0.12 |
1.00 |
0.11 |
0.29 |
0.52 |
0.15 |
0.08 |
1.19 |
0.08 |
0.38 |
0.47 |
2.20 |
3.69 |
0.04 |
0.21 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
66 |
0.14 |
0.31 |
0.24 |
0.13 |
1.16 |
0.09 |
0.98 |
1.27 |
0.15 |
0.14 |
1.72 |
0.12 |
0.37 |
0.94 |
6.05 |
8.37 |
0.06 |
0.29 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
71 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.13 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
ND* |
0.33 |
ND# |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.004 |
75 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.12 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.36 |
0.43 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
85 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
0.47 |
0.15 |
1.03 |
0.16 |
2.13 |
1.03 |
0.23 |
0.15 |
2.41 |
0.42 |
0.65 |
1.17 |
17.10 |
17.00 |
0.07 |
0.37 |
0.08 |
0.05 |
99 |
2.58 |
5.75 |
4.55 |
1.85 |
15.50 |
2.29 |
15.10 |
10.90 |
2.47 |
2.28 |
27.00 |
3.45 |
9.99 |
16.30 |
91.10 |
200.00 |
1.00 |
4.38 |
1.36 |
0.76 |
100 |
2.22 |
4.25 |
4.86 |
1.72 |
17.50 |
1.45 |
25.00 |
16.60 |
4.95 |
2.51 |
17.80 |
5.76 |
7.92 |
6.20 |
171.00 |
71.80 |
0.86 |
3.70 |
1.89 |
0.57 |
119 |
ND |
ND |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.07 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.02 |
ND |
0.22 |
ND |
ND* |
ND |
0.004 |
126 |
0.01 |
ND |
0.01 |
ND* |
0.02 |
ND* |
ND |
ND* |
0.02 |
0.005 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
ND |
0.02 |
0.22 |
ND |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND |
ND |
138 + 166 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.02 |
0.12 |
0.02 |
0.27 |
0.11 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
0.27 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.11 |
1.76 |
1.66 |
ND* |
0.04 |
0.02 |
ND* |
140 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
0.12 |
0.02 |
0.22 |
0.02 |
0.21 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.28 |
0.08 |
0.12 |
0.06 |
1.93 |
0.76 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.01 |
153 |
2.43 |
31.60 |
40.50 |
1.91 |
18.10 |
2.32 |
12.00 |
9.91 |
2.75 |
2.39 |
57.20 |
5.25 |
16.20 |
10.20 |
122.00 |
36.50 |
1.07 |
4.76 |
17.50 |
1.30 |
154 |
0.14 |
0.31 |
0.30 |
0.12 |
0.88 |
0.10 |
1.29 |
0.73 |
0.38 |
0.12 |
1.35 |
0.32 |
0.64 |
0.68 |
9.80 |
11.70 |
0.06 |
0.23 |
0.09 |
0.04 |
155 |
0.05 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
0.26 |
0.03 |
0.33 |
0.23 |
0.31 |
0.04 |
0.30 |
0.07 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
2.50 |
1.75 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.01 |
ND* |
183 |
0.12 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.26 |
0.05 |
0.12 |
0.31 |
0.18 |
0.10 |
0.09 |
0.14 |
0.21 |
0.09 |
0.46 |
0.31 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
190 |
ND |
0.01 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
206 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
ND* |
ND# |
0.01 |
ND |
0.004 |
ND* |
ND |
ND* |
ND* |
ND* |
0.04 |
ND* |
0.02 |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND* |
207 |
0.09 |
ND* |
ND* |
0.03 |
0.11 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.10 |
ND* |
ND* |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.13 |
0.04 |
ND* |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
208 |
ND* |
ND* |
ND* |
ND* |
0.02 |
0.005 |
ND# |
ND* |
ND* |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND* |
0.04 |
0.01 |
ND* |
ND* |
ND* |
0.01 |
ND* |
0.005 |
209 |
ND* |
ND* |
ND* |
0.10 |
0.21 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.21 |
ND* |
0.08 |
0.25 |
0.13 |
1.23 |
0.17 |
0.40 |
0.20 |
0.13 |
0.13 |
0.30 |
0.13 |
Total PBDEs |
24.51 |
78.92 |
78.84 |
18.71 |
201.41 |
19.68 |
177.64 |
157.50 |
34.32 |
24.87 |
234.97 |
35.17 |
71.23 |
90.78 |
1078.41 |
754.84 |
9.50 |
44.45 |
27.77 |
11.22 |
ND= Not detected
ND*= Sample did not meet one or more requirements for quantification
ND# = Less than 2 times the 99% Confidence Interval for background contamination. See Appendix 1
See below for a summary of findings by congener
Congeners not detected in any samples = PBDE 1, 2, 10, 30, 32, 77, 105, 116, 181
Results for individual PBDE congeners (parts per billion in breast millk lipid)
PBDE Congener |
Number of bromines |
Class of PBDE |
Percent of samples with detectable levels |
Minimum value |
Median value |
Average value |
Maximum value |
3 |
1 |
mono |
10% |
0.1 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.2 |
7 |
2 |
di |
35% |
0.003 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
8 + 11 |
2 |
di |
45% |
0.005 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
12 |
2 |
di |
5% |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
13 |
2 |
di |
5% |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
15 |
2 |
di |
100% |
0.19 |
0.43 |
1.46 |
17.7 |
17 |
3 |
tri |
100% |
0.02 |
0.06 |
0.1 |
0.47 |
25 |
3 |
tri |
90% |
0.002 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
28 + 33 |
3 |
tri |
100% |
0.35 |
1.89 |
6.24 |
43.8 |
35 |
3 |
tri |
5% |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
37 |
3 |
tri |
95% |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
0.4 |
47 |
4 |
tetra |
100% |
5.53 |
24.8 |
84.94 |
589 |
49 |
4 |
tetra |
100% |
0.04 |
0.21 |
0.57 |
3.69 |
66 |
4 |
tetra |
100% |
0.06 |
0.26 |
1.13 |
8.37 |
71 |
4 |
tetra |
90% |
0.004 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.33 |
75 |
4 |
tetra |
100% |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.43 |
85 |
5 |
penta |
100% |
0.05 |
0.43 |
2.27 |
17.1 |
99 |
5 |
penta |
100% |
0.76 |
4.47 |
20.93 |
200 |
100 |
5 |
penta |
100% |
0.57 |
4.91 |
18.43 |
171 |
119 |
5 |
penta |
35% |
0.004 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
0.22 |
126 |
5 |
penta |
50% |
0.005 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
0.22 |
138 + 166 |
6 |
hexa |
90% |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.26 |
1.76 |
140 |
6 |
hexa |
100% |
0.01 |
0.07 |
0.21 |
1.93 |
153 |
6 |
hexa |
100% |
1.07 |
10.06 |
19.79 |
122 |
154 |
6 |
hexa |
100% |
0.04 |
0.32 |
1.46 |
11.7 |
155 |
6 |
hexa |
95% |
0.01 |
0.08 |
0.33 |
2.5 |
183 |
7 |
hepta |
100% |
0.05 |
0.09 |
0.15 |
0.46 |
190 |
7 |
hepta |
5% |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
206 |
9 |
nona |
40% |
0.004 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
207 |
9 |
nona |
75% |
0.02 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.13 |
208 |
9 |
nona |
35% |
0.005 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
209 |
10 |
deca |
80% |
0.08 |
0.15 |
0.24 |
1.23 |
Number of congeners looked for = 44
Number of congeners detected = 35
Not detected = PBDE 1, 2, 10, 30, 32, 77, 105, 116, 181