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At EWG, our team of scientists, engineers, policy experts, lawyers and computer programmers pores over government data, legal documents, scientific studies and our own laboratory tests to expose threats to your health and the environment, and to find solutions. Our research brings to light unsettling facts that you have a right to know.
Tainted Catch: Brominated fire retardants (PBDEs) found in San Francisco Bay fish: References
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[2] Bromine Science and Environmental Forum (BSEF). 2002. An introduction to brominated flame retardants. Brussels, Belgium, 1-28.
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[6] Stein, J.; Schettler, T.; Wallinga, D.; Valenti, M. 2002. In harm's way: toxic threats to child development. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 23(1 Suppl): S13-22.
[7] Stewart, P.; Reihman, J.; Lonky, E.; Darvill, T.; Pagano, J. 2000. Prenatal PCB exposure and neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) performance. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 22(1): 21-9.
[8] Eriksson, P. et al. 2003. Study on the developmental neurotoxicty of PBDEs and PCBs in mice - presented at the Society of Toxicologists meeting. As cited by L.S. Birnbaum in “New findings on PBDEs”. Talk presented at the Brominated Flame Retardants and Foam Furniture Conference and Roundtable. San Francisco, CA. April 29-30, 2003.
[9] McDonald, T. 2003. Conference presentation “Examining the Potential Health Risks Posed by PBDEs.” Environmental Finance Center, Brominated Flame Retardants and Foam Furniture Conference and Roundtable, San Francisco. April 29, 2003.
[10] Hale, R.C. et al. 2001. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants in Virginia Freshwater Fishes (USA). Environmental Science and Technology. 35(23): 4585-4591.
[11] de Wit, C. 2002. An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere. 46: 583-624.
[12] Stewart, R. 2003. Flame retardants: an overview. Plastics Engineering. Jan. 1, 2003.
[13] Great Lakes Chemical. 2003. http://www.greatlakeschem.com
[14] Albemarle. 2003. http://www.albemarle.com
[15] Chemical Marketing Reporter (CMR). 1995. Methyl Bromide Bill Riles Greens. July 3, 1995.
[16] Palm, A.; Cousins, I.; Mackay, D.; Tysklind, M.; Metcalfe, C.; Alaee, M. 2002. Assessing the environmental fate of chemicals of emerging concern: case study of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environmental Pollution. 117: 195 —213.
[17] Christensen, J.H.; Glasius, M.; Pecseli, M.; Platz, J.; Pritzl, G. 2002. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine fish and blue mussels from southern Greenland. Chemosphere. 47(6): 631-8.
[18] Ikonomou, M.G.; Rayne, S.; Addison, R.F. 2002. Exponential increases of the brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, in the Canadian arctic from 1981 to 2000. Environmental Science and Technology. 36(9): 1886-92.
[19] Darnerud, P.O.; Eriksen, G.S.; Johannesson, T.; Larsen, P.B.; Viluksela, M. 2001. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology. Environ. Health Perspect. 109(Suppl 1): 49-68.
[20] Strandman, T.; Koistinen, J.; Vartiainen, T. 2000. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in placenta and human milk. Organohalogen Compounds. 47: 61-64.
[21] de Boer, J.; Robertson, L.W.; Dettmer, F.; Wichmann, H.; Bahadir, M. 1998. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human adipose tissue and relation with watching television —case study. Organohalogen Compounds. 35: 407-410.
[22] Lacorte, S.; Guillamon, M.; Martinez, E.; Viana, P.; Barcelo, D. 2003. Occurrence and specific congener profile of 40 polybrominated diphenyl ethers in river and coastal sediments from Portugal. Environmental Science and Technology. 37(5): 892-8.
[23] Zennegg, M.; Kohler, M.; Gerecke, A.C.; Schmid, P. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in whitefish from Swiss lakes and farmed rainbow trout. Chemosphere. 51(7): 545-53.
[24] Crhova, S.; Cerna, M.; Grabic, R.; Tomsej, T.; Ocelka, T. 2002. Polybrominated flame retardants in human adipose tissue in Czech Republic inhabitants: the pilot study. Organohalogen Compounds. 58: 241-244.
[25] Lee, S.J.; Kim, B.H.; Kim, H.S.; Chang, Y.S. 2002. Human blood levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Korea. Organohalogen Compounds. 58: 205-208.
[26] Jansson, B.; Asplund, L.; Olsson, M. 1987. Brominated flame retardants
