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Top rated, 2003-2008
At EWG, our team of scientists, engineers, policy experts, lawyers and computer programmers pores over government data, legal documents, scientific studies and our own laboratory tests to expose threats to your health and the environment, and to find solutions. Our research brings to light unsettling facts that you have a right to know.
Children Overexposed to Rocket Fuel Chemical: References
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Blount BC, Pirkle JL, Osterloh JD, Valentin-Blasini L, Caldwell LK. 2006b. Urinary perchlorate and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent and adult men and women living in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(12): 1865-71.
Caldwell KL, Jones R, Hollowell JG. 2005. Urinary iodine concentration: United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. Thyroid 15: 692-99.
Cooper D. 2004. Sub-clinical thyroid disease: consensus or
conundrum. Clinical Endocrinology 60: 410-412.
El Aribi H, Le Blanc YJ, Antonsen S, Sakuma T. 2006. Analysis of perchlorate in foods and beverages by ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS). Analytica Chimica Acta 567(1): 39-47.
Environmental Working Group. 2006. Thyroid Threat: Under proposed rocket fuel standards, many women would need treatment to protect baby. Available at www.ewg.org/reports/thyroidthreat.
Environmental Working Group. 2007. New study from CDC and Boston University shows babies getting unsafe dose of perchlorate. Available at www.ewg.org/node/20968.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. EPA sets reference dose for perchlorate. Available at
http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/a4a961970f783d3a8525
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GAO (U.S. Government Accountability Office). 2005. Perchlorate: A system to tract sampling and cleanup results is needed. GAO-05-462. 20 May 2005.
Ginsberg GL, Hattis DB, Zoeller RT, Rice DC. 2007. Evaluation of the U.S. EPA/OSWER preliminary remediation goal for perchlorate in groundwater; focus on exposure to nursing infants. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(3): 361-69.
Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, O’Heir CE, Mitchell ML, Hermos RJ, Waisbren SE, Fair JD, Klein JZ. 1999. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. New England Journal of Medicine 341:549-55.
National Academies Press. 2005. Health implications of perchlorate ingestion. Pg 67.
Pop VJ, Kuijpens KL, van Baar AL, Verkerk G, van Son MM, de Vijider JJ, Vulsma T, Wiersinga WM, Drexhage HA, Vader HL. 1999. Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in early infancy. Clinical Endocrinology 50: 149-55.
WHO (World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization). 1998. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. Second edition. September 1998. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546123.pdf.
Zoeller RT, Dowling ALS, Herzig CTA, Iannacone EA, Gauger KJ, Bansal R. 2002. Thyroid hormone, brain development, and the environment. Environmental Health Perspectives 110(3): 355-361.
Zoeller T. 2006. Collision of basic and applied approaches to risk assessment of thyroid toxicants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1076: 168-90.
