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In California the hardrock mining industry has acquired the title to an estimated 625,804 acres of land previously owned by the public and rich in gold, silver, and other precious metals and minerals. Although a moratorium on new mining "patents" - conversion of public lands to private - has been in place since 1994, the government continues to grant pending requests. Since 2000, 15,600 acres of public lands across 12 western states have been converted to private ownership, for a price capped at $5 per acre in 1872. See who has gained title to lands since 1980, 1990, or 2000.
| Quick facts about patented lands in California |
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Acres of federal land, previously public, titled the mining industry: 625,804 Companies and individuals granted patents, total: 8,774 Dollars paid for each acre: $2.50 or $5 Land area given away since 1990: 5,988 acres Royalties paid to federal government from mines on patented public land: $0 |
EWG analysis of data compiled by the Bureau of Land Management. |
Companies have been consolidated to account for subsidiaries. View this table without consolidation.
| Company/Individual | Headquarters | Number of Patents | Estimated Acreage | Patent Date(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rio Tinto Limited | World HQ in Australia | 72 | 7,007 | 1905 to 1964 |
| 2 | Frazier Borate Mining Co | unknown | 1 | 3,040 | 1904 |
| 3 | Henry Clay Mining Co | unknown | 2 | 2,992 | 1887 |
| 4 | California Trona Co | unknown | 4 | 2,780 | 1918 to 1920 |
| 5 | Avawatz Salt & Gypsum Co | unknown | 13 | 2,518 | 1930 to 1934 |
| 6 | Iron Chief Mining Co | unknown | 24 | 2,471 | 1914 to 1918 |
| 7 | Fred Beaudry | unknown | 21 | 2,418 | 1899 to 1906 |
| 8 | George A Sanborn | unknown | 2 | 2,339 | 1908 to 1914 |
| 9 | Dry Creek Tunnel and Fluming | unknown | 2 | 2,153 | 1875 to 1880 |
| 10 | James L Gould | unknown | 4 | 2,150 | 1874 to 1893 |
| See all patent purchasers in California | |||||
| County | Number of Patents | Estimated Acreage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nevada County | 737 | 57,526 | details | map |
| 2 | Calaveras County | 744 | 48,215 | details | map |
| 3 | San Bernardino County | 514 | 47,778 | details | map |
| 4 | El Dorado County | 589 | 42,931 | details | map |
| 5 | Kern County | 450 | 41,780 | details | map |
| 6 | Placer County | 383 | 38,992 | details | map |
| 7 | Inyo County | 317 | 33,962 | details | map |
| 8 | Plumas County | 278 | 33,724 | details | map |
| 9 | Butte County | 299 | 30,497 | details | map |
| 10 | Siskiyou County | 362 | 30,303 | details | map |
| See all counties | |||||
| Name of Mine | Location of Mine | Mine Status | Metal Mined | Owner or Parent Company of Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mt. Pass Mine & Mill | San Bernardino County, CA | Open | Rare earths | Molycorp |
| Mesquite Gold Mine | Imperial County, CA | Open | Gold | Newmont Mining Corp |
| Jamestown | Stanislaus County, CA | Closed | Gold | Sonora Mining Corporation |
| Briggs Gold Mine | Inyo County, CA | Open | Gold | Canyon Resources Corporation |
| Mclaughlin Gold Mine | Lake County, CA | Closed | Gold | Barrick Gold Corporation |
| Dredge 21 | Yuba County, CA | Suspended | Gold | Cal-sierra Development, Inc |
| Rand Mine | San Bernardino County, CA | Open | Gold | Glamis Gold Ltd |
| Sixteen To One Mine | Sierra County, CA | Open | Gold | Original Sixteen To One Mine |
| Picacho | Imperial County, CA | Closed | Gold | Glamis Gold Ltd. |
| Castle Mountain Mine | San Bernardino County, CA | Closed | Gold | Viceroy Resource Corporation |
Source: EWG analysis.
Source: EWG analysis of Bureau of Land Management's Land and Mineral Records 2000 (LR2000) data system. For claims, acreages are estimated based on maximum allowable size of claims. For patents, acreages are taken directly from the LR2000 database where available, and are estimated based on maximum allowable size of claim that preceded the patent where acreages are not noted in LR2000. All notices are assumed to be five acres in size, and the size of plans are calculated directly as the size of the land represented by the legal land description in the LR2000 database. The acreages we estimate through these methods would tend to overestimate the actual amount. We welcome corrections here, and would welcome a federal data management system that included the acreages involved in these important federal land transactions.