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Synthetic food dyes are associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children.
Only in: Food Scores®
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high
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2021. Potential Neurobehavioral Effects of Synthetic Food Dyes in Children. California Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
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EFSA finds that there is "limited evidence" that Yellow 5 in a mixture with other synthetic colours and sodium benzoate has a "small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children selected from the general population."
Only in: Food Scores®
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moderate
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European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.
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European Food Safety Authority reviewed study of children ingesting food colorings and concluded that it provided "limited evidence" that the mixture had a small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children.
Only in: Food Scores®
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moderate
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European Food Safety Authority & Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC). 2008. Assessment of the results of the study by McCann et al. (2007) on the effect of some colours and sodium benzoate on children’s behaviour, Question No EFSA-Q-2007-171. EFSA Journall 660, 1.
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EFSA finds that there is "limited evidence" that Yellow 5 in a mixture with other synthetic colours and sodium benzoate has a "small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children selected from the general population."
Only in: Food Scores®
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moderate
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European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.
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|
European Food Safety Authority reviewed study of children ingesting food colorings and concluded that it provided "limited evidence" that the mixture had a small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in children.
Only in: Food Scores®
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moderate
|
European Food Safety Authority & Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC). 2008. Assessment of the results of the study by McCann et al. (2007) on the effect of some colours and sodium benzoate on children’s behaviour, Question No EFSA-Q-2007-171. EFSA Journall 660, 1.
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Review article concluded that chemical can cause hyperactivity in children.
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some
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Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
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Review article concluded that chemical can cause hyperactivity in children.
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some
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Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
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EFSA concludes that some sensitive individuals may experience allergic reactions at dose levels within the ADI.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
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European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.
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EFSA concludes that some sensitive individuals may experience allergic reactions at dose levels within the ADI.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
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European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102). EFSA Journal 7(11), 1331.
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Suspected of causing cancer
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
Suspected of causing genetic defects
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
May cause cancer
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
Very toxic to aquatic life
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some
|
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
Fatal if inhaled
Only in: Household Cleaners
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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Suspected of damaging fertility.
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
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some
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EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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Carcinogenic to humans
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some
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International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
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Known To Be Human Carcinogen
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some
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National Toxicology Program (NTP): NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens
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Probably carcinogenic to humans
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some
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
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A review article conclused that this substance may be carcinogenic at high or cumulative exposures, which are unlikely to occur.
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some
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Peer Reviewed Literature: Amchova, P., H. Kotolova & J. Ruda-Kucerova. 2015. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 73(3), 914-22.
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A peer-reviewed study reports this substance shows estrogenic activity in a human cell line.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
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Andrew Axon, Felicity E. B. May, Luke E. Gaughan, Faith M. Williams, Peter G. Blain & Matthew C. Wright. 2012. Tartrazine and sunset yellow are xenoestrogens in a new screening assay to identify modulators of human oestrogen receptor transcriptional activity. Toxicology 298(1-3), 40-51.
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Ingestion of tartrazine was associated with behavioral changes in irritability, restlessness, and sleep disturbance in some children.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
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K. S. Rowe & K. J. Rowe. 1994. Synthetic food coloring and behavior: a dose response effect in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study. The Journal of pediatrics 125(5 Pt 1), 691-8.
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Eating a mix of artificial colors with sodium benzoate result in increased hyperactivity in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the general population.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
|
Donna McCann, Angelina Barrett, Alison Cooper, Debbie Crumpler, Lindy Dalen, Kate Grimshaw, Elizabeth Kitchin, Kris Lok, Lucy Porteous, Emily Prince, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, John O. Warner & Jim Stevenson. 2007. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 370(9598), 1560-7.
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A review article conclused that this substance may be carcinogenic at high or cumulative exposures, which are unlikely to occur.
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some
|
Peer Reviewed Literature: Amchova, P., H. Kotolova & J. Ruda-Kucerova. 2015. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 73(3), 914-22.
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|
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
|
Toyohito Tanaka. 2006. Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 44(2), 179-87.
|
|
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
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some
|
Toyohito Tanaka, Osamu Takahashi, Shinshi Oishi & Akio Ogata. 2008. Effects of tartrazine on exploratory behavior in a three-generation toxicity study in mice. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 26(2), 156-63.
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|
A peer-reviewed study reports this substance shows estrogenic activity in a human cell line.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
Andrew Axon, Felicity E. B. May, Luke E. Gaughan, Faith M. Williams, Peter G. Blain & Matthew C. Wright. 2012. Tartrazine and sunset yellow are xenoestrogens in a new screening assay to identify modulators of human oestrogen receptor transcriptional activity. Toxicology 298(1-3), 40-51.
|
|
Ingestion of tartrazine was associated with behavioral changes in irritability, restlessness, and sleep disturbance in some children.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
K. S. Rowe & K. J. Rowe. 1994. Synthetic food coloring and behavior: a dose response effect in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study. The Journal of pediatrics 125(5 Pt 1), 691-8.
|
|
Eating a mix of artificial colors with sodium benzoate result in increased hyperactivity in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the general population.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
Donna McCann, Angelina Barrett, Alison Cooper, Debbie Crumpler, Lindy Dalen, Kate Grimshaw, Elizabeth Kitchin, Kris Lok, Lucy Porteous, Emily Prince, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, John O. Warner & Jim Stevenson. 2007. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 370(9598), 1560-7.
|
|
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
Kamel, M.M. & El-lethey, H.S. 2011. The Potential Health Hazard of Tartrazine and Levels of Hyperactivity, Anxiety-Like Symptoms, Depression and Anti-social behaviour in Rats. Journal of American Science 7(6), 1211-8.
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kidney damage
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some
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American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
|
|
suspected human carcinogen
|
some
|
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
|
|
Harmful if swallowed
Only in: Household Cleaners
|
some
|
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
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|
Review article concluded that chemical caused hypersensitivity reactions.
|
some
|
Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
|
|
Review article concluded that chemical caused hypersensitivity reactions.
|
some
|
Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
|
|
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
Kamel, M.M. & El-lethey, H.S. 2011. The Potential Health Hazard of Tartrazine and Levels of Hyperactivity, Anxiety-Like Symptoms, Depression and Anti-social behaviour in Rats. Journal of American Science 7(6), 1211-8.
|
|
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
Toyohito Tanaka. 2006. Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 44(2), 179-87.
|
|
A peer-reviewed study found that this substance caused neurobehavioral effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
|
some
|
Toyohito Tanaka, Osamu Takahashi, Shinshi Oishi & Akio Ogata. 2008. Effects of tartrazine on exploratory behavior in a three-generation toxicity study in mice. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 26(2), 156-63.
|
|
Allergic reactions have been reported in humans.
|
some
|
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.
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|
Allergic reactions have been reported in humans.
|
some
|
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.
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|
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
|
some
|
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
|
|
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
|
some
|
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
|
|
Developmental neurotoxicity observed in chicken embryos.
|
some
|
Aysegul Ozdemir Ovalioglu, Talat Cem Ovalioglu, Gokhan Canaz, Aysegul Esen Aydin, Sema Arslan, Mehmet Sar & Erhan Emel. 2020. Effects of Tartrazine on Neural Tube Development in the Early Stage of Chicken Embryos. Turkish neurosurgery 30(4), 583-587.
|
|
Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
|
low
|
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
|
|
No genotoxicity observed in an in vivo assay.
|
low
|
Maria Bastaki, Thomas Farrell, Sachin Bhusari, Kamala Pant & Rohan Kulkarni. 2017. Lack of genotoxicity in vivo for food color additive Tartrazine. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 105, 278-284.
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|
No reproductive or developmental effects observed in animal tests.
|
low
|
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.
|
|
No reproductive or developmental effects observed in animal tests.
|
low
|
European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). 2004. OPINION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS Concerning Acid Yellow 23. SCCNFP/0786/04.
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