Concerns from impurities
Impurity: CAFFEINE
A review article reports that this substance is associated with small reductions in infant birth weight.
T. S. Hinds, W. L. West, E. M. Knight & B. F. Harland. 1996. The effect of caffeine on pregnancy outcome variables. Nutrition reviews 54(7), 203-7.
Impurity: CAFFEINE
A peer-reviewed study showed that maternal intake of this substance is associated with low birth weight (moderate to high intake, 2-4 cups).
Verena Sengpiel, Elisabeth Elind, Jonas Bacelis, Staffan Nilsson, Jakob Grove, Ronny Myhre, Margaretha Haugen, Helle Margrete Meltzer, Jan Alexander, Bo Jacobsson & Anne-Lise Brantsæter. 2013. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with birth weight but not with gestational length: results from a large prospective observational cohort study. BMC medicine 11, 42.
Impurity: CAFFEINE
NTP Toxcast scored 1.5-2.5
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Impurity: CAFFEINE
This substance is predicted to be genotoxic
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): CompTox Chemicals Dashboard