Another Environmentalist Apologizes Over GMOs

I need to start by publicly apologizing for not engaging in the debate over genetically engineered crops, technically, genetically modified organisms or GMOs, until two years ago.

When I co-founded the Environmental Working Group in 1993, Mark Lynas was ripping up farmers’ crops. Back then I dismissed people like Lynas, then affiliated with those who criticized GMOs.  Their attacks did not seem grounded in science and did not approach our very real food and farming challenges with the same research-based intellectual rigor that we practice at EWG.

Nor did I fight beside smart organizations like the Environmental Defense Fund, Consumers Union and the Center for Food Safety to make the scientific case to the federal Food and Drug Administration in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We should have persevered even when FDA decisions left advocates with no way to raise scientific objections, as we do with pesticides.

At the time, it seemed quixotic to campaign against GMOs.  The FDA and USDA were blithely rolling on their backs for multinational corporations that were poised to reap billions of dollars in profit from the technology.

Now I see the error of my ways.

Had I paid more attention, I might have foreseen how badly this technology would go awry.  Toxic chemicals would be slathered on crops to battle GMO-resistant pests and weeds. According to a recent study by Washington State University professor of agriculture Chuck Benbrook, the use of herbicides has increased by 527 million pounds, or 11 percent, since 1996, as more and more GMO crops have been planted.

I might have been prescient enough — given EWG’s experience with Monsanto – to recognize that the company’s assertions that GMOs were viable were not to be trusted.

And I totally missed the boat by failing to anticipate that GMO technology, as much as misguided government policies, has driven the spread of corn and soybean monoculture across millions of acres of American farmland. In the last four years, farmers have plowed up more than 23 million acres of wetlands and grasslands – an area the size of Indiana – to plant primarily corn and soybeans.

Oddly enough, Lynas did not extend an apology to the farmers whose crops he destroyed. And while he’s apologizing to those farmers, he should apologize to the organic farmers he falsely impugns by suggesting organic food is less safe than food manipulated by scientists in Monsanto lab coats.

Regarding the safety of organics, Benbrook says:

The most significant, proven benefits of organic food and farming are: (1) a reduction in chemical-driven, epigenetic changes during fetal and childhood development, especially from pre-natal exposures to endocrine disrupting pesticides, (2) the markedly more healthy balance of omega-6 and -3 fatty acids in organic dairy products and meat, and (3) the virtual elimination of agriculture’s significant and ongoing contribution to the pool of antibiotic-resistant bacteria currently posing increasing threats to the treatment of human infectious disease.

Lynas drives home a fact that many of us know: to continue to feed the world’s booming population, we must intensify crop production.  Yet even the United Nations, in a recent report, notes that “in order to grow, agriculture must learn to save” and highlights that herbicides can be replaced with sustainable practices like integrated weed management.  While Lynas claims to have discovered science, he seems to have missed the fact that feeding the world would be a lot easier if more crops were consumed by people rather than by animals or by cars burning environmentally-damaging ethanol.

The truth is, the scientific community has not reached a consensus on GMOs.  Experts have grave doubts about the “coordinated framework” the U.S. government employs to review GMO crops. Several smart people, among them journalists Jason Mark and Tom Philpott and the Union of Concerned Scientists’ Doug Gurian-Sherman, have categorically debunked Lynas’s claims that the science is settled.

What the science does conclusively show is that we don’t need GMO crops to better manage water-polluting chemical fertilizer. So says the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, which recently found that a diverse crop rotation reduced nitrogen fertilizer use by 86 percent while maintaining yields.  It concluded that diverse rotations “reduce the risk of creating herbicide-resistant weeds.”

It turns out that we need better farmers and a better farm bill, not better seeds.

In short, I shouldn’t have allowed unscientific, hysterical ideologues like Lynas to color my views about a fight clearly worth engaging—and that we’ve belatedly launched — on GMO labeling. At least with labeling, Lynas and I agree that consumers deserve, as he says “a diet of their choosing.”

As this blog and others demonstrate, the debate about GMOs in not over. In fact, it’s just begun. Millions of Americans came out in support of federal and state initiatives to require labeling on food with GMO ingredients in 2012, their momentum helping new initiatives, such as I-522 in Washington, sprout up in the new year.

Luckily, Lynas assures us we are “entitled” to our views.  As Americans, we are also entitled to the right to know what we’re buying, eating, and feeding our families.  That right, and its surrounding dialogue, have yet to be silenced.

  • http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1326090053 Evan Girard
  • sara speer selber

    THANK YOU!

  • http://twitter.com/WyoWeeds Andrew Kniss

    Ken, I’m really surprised by your statement that “It turns out that we need better farmers and a better farm bill, not better seeds.” It makes it seem like you don’t think very highly of our nation’s farmers. Your sentiment makes me wonder: do you even know any farmers? I’ve scanned the biographies of all 30+ people that work for EWG, and not one of them mentions having worked on a farm or ranch, or having any direct work experience with production agriculture. It seems difficult to make an educated statement that “we need better farmers” if you don’t actually take some time to learn what these farmers actually do.

  • http://twitter.com/EveryLastMorsel Todd Jones

    I agree that “we need better farmers and a better farm bill,” but I think the effort label GMO foods is misguided. http://everylastmorsel.com/blog/prop-37-yay-or-nay/

  • http://twitter.com/mfemia Michael Femia

    Glad someone said it.

  • http://twitter.com/mfemia Michael Femia

    BTW, meaning your criticism of Cook, Andrew. I think exclusion of ag voices from the dialogue only perpetuates echo chambers.

  • James Martin

    Where is it written that “WE” need to feed the world. The world could feed itself if the US wasn’t undercutting prices to produce. The WE is shareholders demanding ever more profit and growth. Screw them.

  • Anonymous

    This post is problematic for many reasons. I have some questions and comments below.

    “Toxic chemicals would be slathered on crops to battle GMO-resistant pests and weeds.”

    This makes no sense to me. Could you please define GMO resistance?

    “the use of herbicides has increased by 527 million pounds, or 11 percent, since 1996, as more and more GMO crops have been planted.”

    Sure. As the study lays out, herbicide resistance in weeds increased, leading to heavier use of herbicides. A vicious cycle.

    In my opinion glyphosphate resistant GMOs are the wrong solution. This is a pretty clear example of unintended consequences. However, I don’t take this as an example of GMOs general deficiencies. Rather, this was a screw up.

    It is important to remember that these kinds of screw ups are not the sole domain of GMO ag-tech. Conventional farming is just as vulnerable.

    “[GMO] has driven the spread of corn and soybean monoculture across millions of acres of American farmland.”

    Monocultures are a problem orthogonal to the use of GMOs. In other words, human beings have managed to create monocultures — and the subsequent fall in animal/insect species diversity — for a long time and GMOs have little to do with it. In some cases you might argue that GMOs with certain characteristics might enable larger monocultures — which is my sense of things — but the choice to create monocultures is a social, economic and political one.

    There is more fruit to be found in fighting against shitty farming practicies — like the aforementioned monocultures — rather than railing against GMOs based on nebulous fears.

    “…he falsely impugns by suggesting organic food is less safe than food manipulated by scientists in Monsanto lab coats.”

    Ahhh Argumentum Monsantium. If all else fails, just talk about Monsanto; because they’re evil, right?

    This conveniently ignores the non-profit work done with GMOs or even consider the idea that people support GMOs for the best reasons e.g. food security, less environmental impact etc.

    “(1) a reduction in chemical-driven, epigenetic changes during fetal and childhood development, especially from pre-natal exposures to endocrine disrupting pesticides,”

    Firstly, citation please. It’s not controversial to suggest pesticides are damaging to an fetus, but another to claim that this damage is present in the human population.

    Secondly, when the major argument for using GMOs in many cases is to lower the need for pesticies, isn’t that a good thing?

    Thirdly, while many organic farmers continue to rely on so-called organic pesticides — like copper — this is a stone that should not be cast. Especially when you consider how nasty that stuff is.

    Frankly, GMOs have a greater chance of reducing pesticide use than organic farming alone does.

    “2) the markedly more healthy balance of omega-6 and -3 fatty acids in organic dairy products and meat”

    Citation please. AFAIK, there are no studies supporting this assertion. What studies there are, conclude that there is no difference.

    “(3) the virtual elimination of agriculture’s significant and ongoing contribution to the pool of antibiotic-resistant bacteria currently posing increasing threats to the treatment of human infectious disease.”

    This is a complete load of horse-pucky. Now you’re telling us that the use of GMOs has something to do with bacterial anti-body resistance?

    Anti-body resistance is bourne out of the abuse of anti-bodies in agriculture and through over-prescription by medical-professionals. It’s further compounded by poor practices surrounding hospital hygeine.

    I’d be interested in reading you explicate the link to GMOs.

    “[Lynas says] to continue to feed the world’s booming population, we must intensify crop production…he seems to have missed the fact that feeding the world would be a lot easier if more crops were consumed by people rather than by animals or by cars…”

    To support your argument, there would need to be enough potential food-crops going to animals and cars, that if they were instead directed to just human-consumption no one would starve.

    Is that true?

    I don’t disagree with the basic point that using crops for animal feed and car fuel is stupid. However you’ve ignored the practicalities of making food available where people live. Even if the US has an excess of corn, how do you get food to people who need it? How do you ensure they get crops that will grow where they live? How do you ensure those crops provide all they need?

    For people surviving via subsistance-farming, they need a real solution, not just “stop using ethanol in cars”.

    “… not reached a consensus on GMOs… [Jason Mark et al] have categorically debunked Lynas’s claims that the science is settled.”

    You don’t understand what either consensus or categorical mean. Consensus means most people agree. In the case of GMOs, most scientists do agree.

    As for “categorically debunked”; the onus is on those making the claims. If GMOs are unsafe, this needs to be demonstrated in a manner “unambiguously explicit and direct” i.e. categorically. Which has not been done.

    I am not arguing against either testing or regulation of GMOs — there are many obvious manipulations that are a bad idea — but when a GMO is regulated and has been tested, those that then claim it is dangerous need to _prove_ that.

    “What the science does conclusively show is that we don’t need GMO crops to better manage water-polluting chemical fertilizer.”

    Yes, and? There are a great many problems that GMOs can’t or don’t need to solve. I fully support any adequate solution which doesn’t involve GMOs simply because it’s often simpler and more practical.

    But there are a range of problems for which GMOs can provide potential solutions.

    Picking one example where a problem can be solved without GMOs does not support the general case that all problems can be solved — now, when we need them solved — without them.

    As for crop-rotation; no argument here. Should be more of it happening.

    “It turns out that we need better farmers and a better farm bill, not better seeds.”

    Seriously? Slagging off farmers now? I have a cure for your arrogance. You should try spending your life on a farm.

  • http://www.ewg.org/agmag Don Carr

    Andrew — Thanks for the comment. I have to say though it’s getting a little tired every time we’re critical of the environmental impact of modern agriculture — which is huge — that the first thing supporters of the current system think to do is examine our biographies and make this as personal as possible. Just because we don’t put our agriculture bona fides front and center doesn’t mean they aren’t there. Our Iowa office is staffed with folks who come from the farm — and how many environmental groups actually engage at the ground level in a large corn and soybean producing state? And Mr. Cook began his career with a master’s in soil science. As for myself we’ve had decent sized corn, soy and cattle operation in our family for decades — it was homesteaded before South Dakota was even a state. Now I’m not claiming I’m out there in the field — but in the eyes of the government as a part owner of a farm I’m a farmer and entitled to my direct payments. I mean if I receive a farm subsidy that must mean I’m a farmer right?

    And with your deep consternation on the line about needing “better farmers, better farm bill, not better seeds” why don’t you go and ask the shrimpers in the Gulf of Mexico whose business is destroyed by ag run off if they think we need better farmers. Or the oystermen in the Chesapeake Bay, or the hunting lodge operators in South Dakota, or the people in Iowa that have to boil their water, or the people that depend on Lake Erie, Lake Pepin and the endless list of water bodies fouled by ag pollution.

    Agriculture — not drilling, not mining — is the largest polluter of water in America. If that doesn’t tell you that U.S farmers need to do better I can’t help you. I know it’s convenient to just label us as anti-agriculture, but the truth is we are pro-farmer, we just feel deeply that practices — and the gov’t policies that drive them — need to change if the longterm health of soil (so you know, people can farm for the next century or so) and water is a priority.

  • Steve Savage

    This is classic EWG disinformation. You start with ripe tomatoes being injected with hypodermic needles as you image of “genetic engineering” which is purely emotive and has absolutely nothing to do with how genetic engineering is accomplished. Then you use the emotive term “slathered” and the misleading Benbrook number. On a per-acre basis that increase is actually quite small and mostly represents a shift from the ALS-inhibitor herbicides to glyphosate – still a fairly low per acre product, but not as low as the previous. But, again, as is typical for EWG you don’t consider the fact that different chemicals have dramatically different intrinsic toxicities and rates of decomposition/immobilization. That is like your “dirty dozen list” which counts as equally “dirty” residues whose toxicity based on dose and type can differ 1 million-fold. EWG has contributed far more than its share to public misunderstanding of agriculture related issues. There is no need for you to expand that to biotech

  • http://twitter.com/WyoWeeds Andrew Kniss

    Hi Don, I’m not necessarily a “supporter of the current system” and I’m not “making this as personal as possible.” I’m not a big fan of ad hominem attacks, and that is not what I’m doing here. The biographies of your staff mention skiing, liking country music, fly fishing, hunting, hiking, brewing beer, sailing, rafting, swimming, painting, horseback riding, mountain biking, cooking, traveling, tennis, playing guitar, modern dance, baking bread, playing legos, and backpacking. I’m not pointing this out to attack. This information is actually very interesting, and it is very nice to see. I like knowing this type of information, because it reminds us that the EWG is made up of real people with real interests. I think it is important we all remember this, especially for groups we don’t agree with. But the “farmers” you criticize are also real people, with families and hobbies. Probably many of the same hobbies that your staff enjoy.

    “Just because we don’t put our agriculture bona fides front and center doesn’t mean they aren’t there.” This seems like a very odd choice. If you have “agriculture bona fides” in your organization, it seems to me that it would build much more credibility with the farmers you are criticizing. Otherwise it just comes off as arrogant and adversarial when you make statements like “we need better farmers.” If your staff have “farming” in their backgrounds, why not tout that? It is nothing to be ashamed of. There is plenty of room in the bios to include that information. Folks in agriculture would be far more willing to listen to criticism from folks with shared experiences and backgrounds. If all they know is that “sailing” is one of the more common backgrounds, it can be difficult to relate. .

    Statements like “we need better farmers” is a really poor way to try and change the behavior of farmers. When I talk to farmers and try to change behaviors, I don’t start off by telling them they’re doing a crappy job. Farmers (or any other group for that matter) won’t listen to you if all you do is criticize. You’d be much better served to build credibility first, then make suggestions for improvement. Simply saying “you’re doing it wrong” isn’t going to create the change you would like to see. Show them that you have shared experiences, and let them know you understand the challenges they face. Then maybe they’ll be more willing to listen.

  • http://www.ewg.org/agmag Don Carr

    I think its pretty ridiculous to quibble over staff bios. The truth is — and this happens often — is when someone is critical of agriculture the first attack is that they don’t know anything about agriculture, or the even more pejorative “has never stepped foot on a farm.” You talk about us doing it different but your first impulse when you came to our site was just the opposite.

    All the major lobby organizations are spending millions on the PR effort USFRA to bridge that divide between people who have never been on the farm. They recognize that the echo chamber and that type of attack has gotten the ag brand into some trouble.

  • Anonymous

    This is a nice thoughtful reply, Don…

    But then I see the photo of syringes poking into tomatoes and I ask myself what is intended by this type of graphical interpretation of GMOs. Is that really how genetic engineering is done? No. Does anybody even market GM tomatoes? No. So what is the point of such a picture if not to inflame or use scare tactics on people’s opinions of GM crops? Now you see why so many farmers view EWG with a distrustful eye.

    I’m an agronomist In PA where our crop ground is 48% no-till and 40% min-till according to the latest NRCS report. These voluntary BMPs are part of a concerted effort by farmers and other stake holders that have reduced total sediment (10%), nitrogen (14%), and phosphorus (14%) to the Chesapeake Bay. If you asked our farmers whether or not they relied on tools like herbicide tolerant crops to reduce nutrient run-off what would they say? Well, there certainly aren’t many cultivators or moldboard plows left in the area for weed control.

    So what we need is good farmers, better nutrient management practices, and less hype.

  • http://www.facebook.com/hautesioux Katy Gray

    This is my chief complaint about the environmentalism industry, in order to garner financial support they must create a good vs evil dilemma and prey on the emotions of those of us who are far enough removed from living on the land to know any better. I am an environmentalist as a function of having been raised living on the land. As I see what the environmentalists have done to destroy my part of the world I just shake my head at the tactics of these televangelists of the green religion. I support organic farming, abhor intensive livestock production, and share many of the same sensibilities they profess to champion. But lawsuits have judges instead of foresters managing our public lands, laying waste to our forests and other natural resources due to the misguided influence of environmentalists who are more interested in the environmental industry than the actual environment. when you spread this kind of emotional hype and refuse to engage in collaborative discussions with farmers in the field you are ineffective at any real meaningful change. Despite being an environmentalist, I am left in contempt of so-called environmentalist organizations. The dialog I am seeing here is farmers reaching out for productive dialog and environmentalists defending emotional and misguiding tactics, dividing rather than building together. Just a tip, Mr. Carr. The real money and influence is moving toward the collaborative model. You might want to jump on board.

    I’m just surfing cause I can’t sleep, thought I’d pitch my two cents. I doubt I’ll be back to this discussion, but wish all involved the best because I think everyone’s goals are more alike than different. The one thing life has taught me is ‘the more you know, the more you know you don’t know” about any given subject, so don’t close your mind and listen and really hear.